gov.noaa.nodc:0205785 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-09-30T13:07:26Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), Italy from 1884-01-01 to 1963-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0205785) 2019-10-25 publication 2019-10-24 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/cx3g-rj98 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0205785 NCEI Archive Management System 0205785 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Yuri Cotroneo The Parthenope University of Naples yuri.cotroneo@uniparthenope.it https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information resourceProvider The Parthenope University of Naples https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information resourceProvider Vincenzo Capozzi The Parthenope University of Naples vincenzo.capozzi@uniparthenope.it https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Yuri Cotroneo The Parthenope University of Naples yuri.cotroneo@uniparthenope.it https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information pointOfContact Pasquale Castagno The Parthenope University of Naples pasquale.castagno@uniparthenope.it https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information collaborator Carmela De Vivo The Parthenope University of Naples carmela.devivo@uniparthenope.it https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information collaborator Andrew Komar Comunità Benedettina Abbazia Montevergine collaborator Riccardo Guariglia Comunità Benedettina Abbazia Montevergine collaborator Giorgio Budillon The Parthenope University of Naples giorgio.budillon@uniparthenope.it https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information pointOfContact Capozzi, Vincenzo Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information author Cotroneo, Yuri Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information author Castagno, Pasquale Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information author De Vivo, Carmela Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information author Komar, Andrew author Guariglia, Riccardo author Budillon, Giorgio Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information author The Parthenope University of Naples https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This work presents the rescue of the sub-daily meteorological observations collected at Montevergine Observatory (hereafter, MVOBS) from 1884 to 1963. MVOBS is located on the Southern Apennines (40.936502 N, 14.729150 E) at an elevation of 1280 m above sea level (asl). The sub-daily dataset consists of three daily observations (performed at about 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 hours) of several atmospheric variables. The data, originally available only on paper, have been digitized following the World Meteorological Organization standard practices. The following variables: dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, water vapor pressure, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, cloud cover, rainfall, snowfall, equivalent liquid precipitation underwent a dedicated quality control process. After a cross-check based on a manual inspection, three consecutive quality control tests have been applied:- Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labeled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labeled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data);- Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. This test has been applied to all investigated parameters, except of cloud cover. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labeled as QC = 2;- Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values This test has not been applied to rainfall, snowfall and cloud cover records. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labeled as QC = 3. The quality flag value is associated to each measurement/observation and is indicated in a dedicated column for each variable. Furthermore, a set of additional parameters, not statistically quality controlled, is provided including the following variables: cloud type, precipitation type, wind direction, wind speed, cloud direction, snow depth, low level cloud base height and low level cloud cover. Historical notes from the observer in the original language (Italian) are also provided. Time coverage may vary according to the parameter, missing data are represented by NaN. Two different version of the dataset are provided in excel format: "subdaily_data_MVOBS_raw" includes all the observed parameters without any quality control procedure. "subdaily_data_MVOBS_QC_VARIABLES" including data from all the variables that have been checked with the statistical quality control procedures. We present a new high quality sub-daily meteorological dataset that can be of highly interest for the scientific community. In particular, MVOBSV dataset can enhance the understanding of high altitude weather and climate variability and contributes to improve the accuracy of reanalysis products prior the 1950s. completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0205785 Preview graphic PNG 0205785 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2019-10-10 publication AIR TEMPERATURE - DRY BULB AIR TEMPERATURE - WET BULB BAROMETRIC PRESSURE cloud amount/frequency PRECIPITATION AMOUNT RELATIVE HUMIDITY Snow thickness VISIBILITY WIND DIRECTION WIND FORCE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS barometer rain gauge visual estimate visual observation instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS in situ theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS The Parthenope University of Naples dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS The Parthenope University of Naples dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication SOOS > Southern Ocean Observing System project Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Project Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian EPIMETEO - “Development and application of new methodologies for the analysis of meteorological data acquired with traditional and innovative techniques” Parthenope University of Naples EPIMETEO - “Sviluppo e applicazione di nuove metodologie per l’analisi di dati meteorologici acquisiti con tecniche tradizionali e innovative” Parthenope University of Naples project Originator Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE > SURFACE TEMPERATURE > AIR TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND DIRECTION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > CLOUDS > CLOUD PROPERTIES > CLOUD FREQUENCY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > PRECIPITATION AMOUNT EARTH SCIENCE > CRYOSPHERE > SNOW/ICE > SNOW DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Equivalent Liquid Precipitation (ELP) Station pressure precipitation_type_hail precipitation_type_rain precipitation_type_snow precipitation_type_snowgrains rainfall snowfall vapor pressure theme Originator Keywords BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS RAIN GAUGES > RAIN GAUGES VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian hygrograph psycrometer instrument Originator Instruments RK4CYE Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Capozzi, Vincenzo; Cotroneo, Yuri; Castagno, Pasquale; De Vivo, Carmela; Komar, Andrew; Guariglia, Riccardo; Budillon, Giorgio (2019). Sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), Italy from 1884-01-01 to 1963-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0205785). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/cx3g-rj98. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Capozzi, V., Cotroneo, Y., Castagno, P., De Vivo, C., & Budillon, G. (2020). Rescue and quality control of sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), 1884–1963. Earth System Science Data, 12(2), 1467–1487. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020 2020-06-30 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020 journal article information Capozzi, Vincenzo author Cotroneo, Yuri Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope https://www.uniparthenope.it/ HTTPS The Parthenope University of Naples website Institution web page information author Castagno, Pasquale Università degli Studi di Messina author De Vivo, Carmela author Budillon, Giorgio Parthenope University of Naples author Copernicus GmbH publisher documentDigital Earth Syst. Sci. Data 12(2) ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 1467-1487 crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere 14.72915 14.72915 40.936502 40.936502 1884-01-01 1963-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV Excel 43.92 https://doi.org/10.25921/cx3g-rj98 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/205785 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/205785 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0147/0205785/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0205785 v1.1 was published. 2019-10-25T16:44:29Z NCEI Accession 0205785 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0205785/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0205785 v1.1 published 2019-10-25T16:44:29Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: PRESSURE - BAROMETRIC [BAROMETRIC PRESSURE] (measured); Units: hPa; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: barometers; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily direct measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3. Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE - DRY BULB (measured); Units: centidegrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily direct measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3. Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE - WET BULB (measured); Units: centidegrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily direct measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3. Parameter or Variable: PARTIAL PRESSURE OF WATER VAPOR (calculated); Units: hPa; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily retrievals from psychrometric measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3. Parameter or Variable: RELATIVE HUMIDITY (calculated); Units: percent; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily retrievals. This parameter is mainly retrieved from psychrometric measurements, except for some sporadic direct measurement performed using a Thermo-hygrograph. The different measurement type is indicated in a dedicated file column.; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3. Parameter or Variable: CLOUD AMOUNT/FREQUENCY (measured); Units: tenths; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of cloud cover. 0=clear sky, 10=overcast; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data) Parameter or Variable: NO CLOUD (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of clear sky conditions. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: CLOUD TYPE CUMULI (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of cumuli cloud presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: CLOUD TYPE STRATI (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of strati cloud presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: CLOUD TYPE CIRRI (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of cirri cloud presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: INVISIBLE SKY (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of invisible sky conditions. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (measured); Units: mm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: rain gauge; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and two consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; Parameter or Variable: SNOW AMOUNT (measured); Units: cm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: snowboard - WMO; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and two consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; Parameter or Variable: EQUIVALENT LIQUID PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (measured); Units: mm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: rain gauge; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements. This value is retieved from the liquid equivalent of the melted snow collected in the rain gauge or from the direct measurement of the water contained in it. In the case of unmelted snow presence, the equivalence 1 snow cm = 1 rain mm has been adopted. The different measurement type is indicated in a dedicated file column.; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and two consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE RAIN (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of rain presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE SNOW (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of snow presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE HAIL (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of hail presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE SNOWGRAINS (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of snowgrains presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: WIND DIRECTION (measured); Units: cardinal direction; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: anemoscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: WIND FORCE (measured); Units: classes; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily retrievals. This parameter is mainly retrieved from visual estimations, except for some sporadic direct measurement performed using an anemometer. The different measurement type is indicated in a dedicated file column.; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: CLOUD DIRECTION (measured); Units: cardinal direction; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: nephoscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: SNOW THICKNESS (measured); Units: cm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: snowboard; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: VISIBILITY (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily estimates; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: LOW LEVEL CLOUD COVER (measured); Units: tenths; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of low level cloud cover. This parameter is referred to the presence of clouds exclusively in the lower layer of the atmosphere. 0=no low clouds, 10=full cover by low clouds; Data Quality Method: NA Parameter or Variable: LOW LEVEL CLOUD BASE HEIGHT (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: nephoscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: NA asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian barometer barometer Barometers are instruments for measuring atmospheric pressure; two types include mercury barometers and aneroid barometers. rain gauge rain gauge A device to measure the amount of liquid precipitation The definition of liquid precipitation is any form of water falling from the sky as rain. Rain gauge measures the amount of liquid precipitation. visual estimate visual estimate not an instrument - maybe an observation type visual observation visual observation not an instrument - maybe an observation type