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    <!--20210106-->
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            <gco:CharacterString>Assessment of Economic Benefits and Costs of Marine Managed Areas in Hawaii 1998-2003 (NODC Accession 0001756)</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>This dataset combines the research results from a number of papers carried out under the study "Assessment of Economic Benefits and Costs of Marine Managed Areas in Hawaii". The studies included a paper on the fisheries benefits of MMAs (Friedlander and Cesar, 2004), a write-up of the recreational survey at the MMA sites (Van Beukering and Cesar, 2004), a background on the institutional/regulatory framework on MMAs in Hawaii (Cesar, 2004), a paper on the economic value and cost-benefit analysis of management options for MMAs (Van Beukering and Cesar, 2004) and a paper on the international experience of sustainable financing of MMAs (Cesar and van Beukering, 2004). This dataset is basically a set of MS Word documents with mostly social- economic data embedded within tables. The habitat and fish data in this dataset are drawn from other datasets already in the NOAA archives, the NOAA Benthic Habitat Maps and the Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP), respectively.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Firstly, by illustrating the economic and societal benefits of establishing MMAs, it provides policy-makers with powerful justification for government investment in MMAs. Secondly, through analysis of the various management options for MMAs, this study can assist MMA managers in the design of feasible management plans. Thirdly, benefit estimates for ecosystem goods and services provide crucial information for stakeholder consultations. Fourthly, the questions of how to make MMAs potentially self-financing, and how to pay for enforcement are addressed. Finally, the integration of ecological and economic research methods may provide the academic community with an example on which they can build.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Coastal Ocean Program, under awards NA 160A2412</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>CoRIS Region</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Benthic</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="stratum">stratum</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>None</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.  NOAA, NESDIS, NODC and NCDDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: Dataset credit required</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: None</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:language>
        <gco:CharacterString>eng; USA</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:language>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>society</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>environment</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>biota</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:environmentDescription>
        <gco:CharacterString>Native Dataset Environment: MS Word</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:environmentDescription>
      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent id="boundingExtent">
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox id="boundingGeographicBoundingBox">
              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-158.9</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-154.9</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>18.8</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
              <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>22.2</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
          </gmd:geographicElement>
          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent id="boundingTemporalExtent">
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="d1e51">
                  <gml:beginPosition>1998-01-01</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2004-12-31</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
          </gmd:temporalElement>
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
      </gmd:extent>
      <gmd:supplementalInformation>
        <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Supplemental: Entry_ID: Unknown Sensor_Name: SCUBA Source_Name: manual Project_Campaign: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Originating_Center: Cesar Environmental Economics Consulting Storage_Medium: MS Word Online_size: 4239 kbytes</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:supplementalInformation>
    </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:contentInfo>
    <gmd:MD_FeatureCatalogueDescription>
      <gmd:includedWithDataset gco:nilReason="missing" />
      <gmd:featureCatalogueCitation>
        <gmd:CI_Citation>
          <gmd:title>
            <gco:CharacterString>Entity and Attribute Overview: The original MS Word documents are found in directory: ../../data/original/ The raw data used in this study are in this directory within file: masterfile_Hawaii_1.sav (SPSS format) Redundant ASCII copies were placed in directory: ../../data/ASCII_copy</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:title>
          <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
          <gmd:otherCitationDetails>
            <gco:CharacterString>Entity and Attribute Detail Citation: none</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherCitationDetails>
        </gmd:CI_Citation>
      </gmd:featureCatalogueCitation>
    </gmd:MD_FeatureCatalogueDescription>
  </gmd:contentInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
    <gmd:MD_Distribution>
      <gmd:distributor>
        <gmd:MD_Distributor>
          <gmd:distributorContact>
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              <gmd:organisationName>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC (National Coastal Data Development Center)</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:contactInfo>
                <gmd:CI_Contact>
                  <gmd:phone>
                    <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      <gmd:voice>
                        <gco:CharacterString>866-732-2382</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:voice>
                      <gmd:facsimile>
                        <gco:CharacterString>228-688-2968</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:facsimile>
                    </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                  </gmd:phone>
                  <gmd:address>
                    <gmd:CI_Address>
                      <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                        <gco:CharacterString>National Coastal Data Development Center, Building 1100</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                      <gmd:city>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Stennis Space Center</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:city>
                      <gmd:administrativeArea>
                        <gco:CharacterString>MS</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:administrativeArea>
                      <gmd:postalCode>
                        <gco:CharacterString>39529</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:postalCode>
                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ncddcgetdata@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    </gmd:CI_Address>
                  </gmd:address>
                  <gmd:hoursOfService>
                    <gco:CharacterString>8am-5pm, Monday through Friday</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:hoursOfService>
                </gmd:CI_Contact>
              </gmd:contactInfo>
              <gmd:role>
                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="distributor">distributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
              </gmd:role>
            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmd:distributorContact>
        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
      </gmd:distributor>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>none</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="unknown" />
        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
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      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
          <gmd:measureDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>see lineage, process step</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:measureDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="unknown" />
        </gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Methods are clearly documented within each report.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime gco:nilReason="unknown" />
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Dr. Herman Cesar</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:individualName>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Cesar Environmental Economics Consulting</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:positionName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Environmental Economic Consultant</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:positionName>
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:phone>
                        <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                          <gmd:voice>
                            <gco:CharacterString>31-26-4452175</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:voice>
                        </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      </gmd:phone>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Kastanjelaan 9</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Arnhem</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:city>
                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Netherlands</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                          <gmd:postalCode>
                            <gco:CharacterString>6828 GH</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:postalCode>
                          <gmd:country>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Netherlands</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:country>
                          <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                            <gco:CharacterString>herman.cesar@ivm.vu.nl</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
              <gmd:source xlink:href="#Coyne_MS_Monaco_ME_Anderson_M_Smith_W_Jokiel_P_2001_Classification_scheme_for_benthic_habitats:_Main_Eight_Hawaiian_Islands._Biogeography_Program._US_Department_of_Commerce_National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_National_Ocean_Service._Silver_Spring_MD_16_p" />
              <gmd:source xlink:href="#Friedlander_A.M._and_E.K._Brown._2003._Fish_Habitat_Utilization_Patterns_and_Evaluation_of_the_Efficacy_of_Marine_Protected_Areas_in_Hawai'i:_Integration_and_Evaluation_of_NOS_Digital_Benthic_Habitats_Maps_and_Reef_Fish_Monitoring_Studies._Year_one_report_to_Hawai'i_Department_of_Land_and_Natural_Resource_Division_of_Aquatic_Resources._Honolulu_Hawaii._79_pages." />
              <gmd:source xlink:href="#Friedlander_A.M._E._K._Brown_P._L._Jokiel._W._R._Smith_and_K.S._Rodgers._2003._Effects_of_habitat_wave_exposure_and_marine_protected_area_status_on_coral_reef_fish_assemblages_in_the_Hawaiian_archipelago._Coral_Reefs_22:291-305." />
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="annually">annually</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>This metadata was automatically generated from the FGDC CSDGM standard (version FGDC-STD-001-1998) using the 2016-01-11 version of the FGDC RSE to ISO 19115-2 transform.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Translated from FGDC 2025-03-24T17:45:29.165Z</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Last Metadata Review Date: 2008-12-17</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:individualName>
            <gco:CharacterString>Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:individualName>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:positionName>
            <gco:CharacterString>Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:contactInfo>
            <gmd:CI_Contact>
              <gmd:phone>
                <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                  <gmd:voice>
                    <gco:CharacterString>(808)-956-4105</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:voice>
                  <gmd:facsimile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>(808) 956-2352</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:facsimile>
                </gmd:CI_Telephone>
              </gmd:phone>
              <gmd:address>
                <gmd:CI_Address>
                  <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                    <gco:CharacterString>1000 Pope Road, MSB 316</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                  <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Dept. of Oceanography</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                  <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                    <gco:CharacterString>University of Hawaii at Manoa</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                  <gmd:city>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Honolulu</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:city>
                  <gmd:administrativeArea>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Hawaii</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>96822</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:country>
                    <gco:CharacterString>USA</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:country>
                  <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    <gco:CharacterString>caldwell@hawaii.edu</gco:CharacterString>
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                </gmd:CI_Address>
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                <gco:CharacterString>8 AM to 5 PM weekdays</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:hoursOfService>
              <gmd:contactInstructions>
                <gco:CharacterString>check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:contactInstructions>
            </gmd:CI_Contact>
          </gmd:contactInfo>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>