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        <gco:CharacterString>This dataset contains global, 4km daily, 5-day, and monthly sea surface temperature climatologies derived from harmonic analysis of the AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5.0 and 5.1 sea surface temperature time series data for 1982-2008. The daily climatology is available as 366 separate files, each representing one day in a climatological year. The 5-day climatology is available as 73 separate files, each representing a 'pentad,' or 5-day period, in a climatological year. The monthly climatology is available as 12 separate files, each representing one month in a climatological year. The files are in netCDF-4 and fully comply with the GHRSST Data Specification 2.0 for Level 4 products. In addition to climatological sea surface temperature, each file contains standard deviation, sea ice concentration, sea ice concentration error, and land mask information.

This accession also includes 'classic', or mean, daily, 5-day, and monthly sea surface temperature climatologies derived from the same Pathfinder time series data. These climatologies were used to gap-fill the harmonic climatologies, and provided the standard deviation information.

In some ice-dominated high-latitude areas, the harmonic climatology is poorly constrained due to uneven distribution throughout the year of the valid measurements. For example, at 67.5S, 73W near the Antarctic coast, temperatures estimated in the harmonic climatology reach almost 40C. In these regions, the classic, averaged climatological values may be more reliable.</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/295" xlink:actuate="onRequest">US National Oceanographic Data Center</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/47be68db-d10d-43e7-b150-61cfd3f06126" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; BIOSPHERE &gt; ECOSYSTEMS &gt; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS &gt; COASTAL</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/fa3bc02d-31a7-4456-b716-a8b8f8393c86" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; BIOSPHERE &gt; ECOSYSTEMS &gt; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS &gt; REEF &gt; CORAL REEF</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b83895e9-bac8-49fe-bcf5-8fe4d8fcaa16" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; CLIMATE INDICATORS &gt; ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS &gt; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE INDICES</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/61594015-4ab4-4b38-ae4f-e31a4757b065" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE &gt; WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY &gt; WATER CHARACTERISTICS &gt; WATER TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
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                          </gmd:city>
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                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
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                      </gmd:address>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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                      </gmd:address>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                  <gmd:dateType>
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        <gco:CharacterString>The procedure used to generate these harmonic climatologies can be broken down into two primary components:

1. Harmonic analysis of time series data

Each harmonic climatology is created by fitting to a time series of SST data at each pixel a cosine function containing both annual and semi-annual components:

SST = A * cos(2pi*t + B) + C * cos(4pi*t + D) + E

The constants A and B correspond to the annual amplitude and annual phase, respectively. The constants C and D correspond to the semi-annual amplitude and phase. The constant E is the long term mean at that pixel.

The input time series consists of pentad (5-day) averages of best-quality data (quality flag 7) only for 1982-2008. These data have been archived by NODC in separate yearly accessions.

To create a gap-free dataset for analysis, median spatial fill routines are applied to each 5-day global SST average in the time series. Using a curve-fitting tool in Matlab (lsqcurvefit.m), the cosine function is fit to the SST time series and the five harmonic constants are calculated. Note: If fewer than 100 good observations are available for a given pixel, the amplitudes (A and C) are set to zero, phases (B and D) set to one, and the long term mean (E) is set to the mean at that pixel.

2. Application of harmonic parameters

The five harmonic constants can then be plugged into the cosine function to solve for sea surface temperature at any temporal resolution. The constants are applied at either daily, 5-day, and monthly resolution to calculate sea surface temperature for 366 days, 73 pentads, and 12 months, respectively, in a climatological year. Any remaining pixels with missing values after median filling are filled using SST values from the classic climatology.

File-naming convention for daily harmonic climatology files:

[0000][MMDD][HHMMSS]-NODC-L4_GHRSST-SSTskin-AVHRR_Pathfinder-PFV5.0_Daily_Climatology_1982_2008_DayNightCombined-v02.0-fv[##.#].nc

0000 - representative year of analysis (climatological year)
MMDD - representative month and day of analysis, e.g., 0630 for June 30 of the climatological year
HHMMSS - representative time (6-digit hour, minute and second) of analysis. All files use value "200000" to represent 8 PM, the midpoint of the approximate AVHRR "day" based on an average equator-crossing time of 2 PM.
##.# - file version, e.g., 01.0

File-naming convention for 5day harmonic climatology files:
[0000][MMDD][HHMMSS]-NODC-L4_GHRSST-SSTskin-AVHRR_Pathfinder-PFV5.0_5day_Climatology_1982_2008_DayNightCombined-v02.0-fv[##.#].nc

0000 - representative year of analysis (climatological year)
MMDD - representative month and day of analysis, e.g., 0630 for June 30 of the climatological year
HHMMSS - representative time (6-digit hour, minute and second) of analysis.
##.# - file version, e.g., 01.0

File-naming convention for monthly harmonic climatology files:
[0000][MMDD][HHMMSS]-NODC-L4_GHRSST-SSTskin-AVHRR_Pathfinder-PFV5.0_Monthly_Climatology_1982_2008_DayNightCombined-v02.0-fv[##.#].nc

0000 - representative year of analysis (climatological year)
MMDD - representative month and day of analysis, e.g., 0630 for June 30 of the climatological year
HHMMSS - representative time (6-digit hour, minute and second) of analysis.
##.# - file version, e.g., 01.0</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer-3

The AVHRR-3 is a six channel scanning radiometer providing 3 solar channels in the visible-near infrared region and 3 thermal infrared channels. The AVHRR-3 has two one-micrometer wide channels between 10.3 and 12.5 micrometers. This latest version of AVHRR was first carried on NOAA-15 launched in May 1998 and subsequently in all current NOAA and MetOp platforms. Measuring the same view, this array of diverse wavelengths, after processing, permits multi spectral analysis for more precisely defining hydrologic, oceanographic, and meteorological parameters. Comparison of data from two channels is often used to observe features or measure various environmental parameters. The three channels operating entirely within the infrared band are used to detect the heat radiation from and hence, the temperature of land, water, sea surfaces, and the clouds above them.

Additional Information:
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pod-guide/ncdc/docs/klm/html/c3/sec3-1.htm</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_b7c1">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA-11</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/333

Instruments: AVHRR/2 et al</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:href="#inst_be0e" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_a563">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA-14</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/336

Instruments: AVHRR/2 et al</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:href="#inst_be0e" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_960b">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA-16</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-16 from United States.

Name NOAA-16
Country(s) US: UNITED STATES
Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite
Native Name
Synonyms
Call Sign
MMSI
IMO
Pennant
Title
Commissioned Date 2000
Decommissioned Date 2014

Notes
Polar-orbiting environmental satellite launched September 2000. The NODC has archived AVHRR SST data collected from this platform as part of the Pathfinder project.

Instruments: AVHRR/3 et al

Information Source (URL)
https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/338

Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-07-17.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:href="#inst_be0f" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_9799">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA-17</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-17 from United States.

Name NOAA-17
Country(s) US: UNITED STATES
Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite
Native Name
Synonyms
Call Sign
MMSI
IMO
Pennant
Title
Commissioned Date 2002
Decommissioned Date 2013

Notes
Polar-orbiting environmental satellite launched June 2002. The NODC has archived AVHRR SST data collected from this platform as part of the Pathfinder project.

Instruments: AVHRR/3 et al

Information source (URL)
https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/339

Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-07-17.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:href="#inst_be0f" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_9766">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA-18</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-18 from United States.
Name NOAA-18
Country(s) US: UNITED STATES
Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite
Native Name
Synonyms
Call Sign
MMSI
IMO
Pennant
Title
Commissioned Date 2005
Decommissioned Date 2016

Notes
Polar-orbiting environmental satellite launched May 2005 as NOAA-N. The NODC has archived AVHRR SST data collected from this platform as part of the Pathfinder project.

Instruments: AVHRR/3 et al

Information source (URL)
https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/340

Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-07-17.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:href="#inst_be0f" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_9767">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA-7</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-7 from UNITED STATES.

Name NOAA-7
Country(s) US: UNITED STATES
Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite
Commissioned Date 1981-06-23
Decommissioned Date 1986-06-07
Notes
Selected global data available from NOAA.
Significant contribution to Space weather and operational meteorology.

Information source (URL)
https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/329

All known Instruments flying on NOAA-7

Acronym	- Full name
Argos	- Argos Data Collection System
AVHRR/2	- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer / 2
HIRS/2	- High-resolution Infra Red Sounder / 2
MSU	- Microwave Sounding Unit
SSU	- Stratospheric Sounding Unit
SEM/MEPED - SEM / Medium energy proton detector
SEM/TED	- SEM / Total Energy Detector

Submitted to ICES on 2018-07-17.
Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-08.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:href="#inst_be0e" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_9631">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA-9</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information from ICES for the platform NOAA-9 from UNITED STATES.

Name NOAA-9
Country(s) US: UNITED STATES
Platform Class 65: Orbiting satellite
Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-08.
Commissioned Date 1984-12-12
Decommissioned Date 1998-02-13

Notes
Selected global operational meteorology data available from NOAA.
Significant contribution to Atmospheric chemistry and Space weather.

All known Instruments flying on NOAA-9

Acronym	- Full name
Argos		- Argos Data Collection System
AVHRR/2		- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer / 2
ERBE		- Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
HIRS/2		- High-resolution Infra Red Sounder / 2
MSU		- Microwave Sounding Unit
S&amp;RSAT		- Search &amp; Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking System
SBUV/2		- Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet / 2
SSU		- Stratospheric Sounding Unit
SEM/MEPED	- SEM / Medium energy proton detector
SEM/TED		- SEM / Total Energy Detector

Information source (URL)
https://www.wmo-sat.info/oscar/satellites/view/331

Submitted to ICES on 2018-07-17.
Confirmed by NOAA on 2018-08-08.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument xlink:href="#inst_be0e" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>