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        <gco:CharacterString>STUDY NOTES: Reconstruction of the spring PDO index, developed from 17 Asian tree-ring chronologies. Chronologies were screened against the monthly PDO index for the 1900-1988 common period. The 17 which correlated significantly at the 90% significance level or above, for the spring months (MAM) just prior to the growing season, were included. A nested approach, which takes into account the decreasing number of chronologies back in time, was employed to develop the longest possible reconstruction. 
ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The causes and mechanisms of Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV) are still being investigated. One reason that such variability is not better understood is the scarcity of high-resolution paleoclimatic records from the Asian side of the North Pacific. Here we present a reconstruction of the boreal spring (March–May) Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, spanning A.D. 1565–1988, that is the first to represent the large-scale Asian expression of this phenomenon using tree-ring data. Intervention analysis reveals significant (95% level) regime shifts corresponding to those in the instrumental PDO during the mid-1920s, mid-1940s and mid-1970s, the latter period associated with the famed 1976 shift in Pacific climate. Shifts in the preinstrumental period show varying correspondence with those of a North American-based tree-ring reconstruction of the North Pacific index (NPI), another indicator of Pacific decadal climate variability. Differences between these two time series hint at modulation of local climate from Asian monsoon, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and volcanic forcing, which could be partly masked by combining data from these sensitive regions in future PDO reconstructions. Overall, however, comparison of the reconstructions from both Asia and North America (NA) is useful for evaluating the distinct expressions of the PDO on both sides of the North Pacific and their interactions with the tropics.</gco:CharacterString>
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                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="search">search</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Information</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>General information for this data type.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/pdo-darrigo2006-noaa.txt</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:applicationProfile>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Download</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:applicationProfile>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NCEI Direct Download</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Direct download links for dataset files.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
      </gmd:distributor>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>