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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/71" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/70" xlink:actuate="onRequest">partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/307" xlink:actuate="onRequest">SALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/319" xlink:actuate="onRequest">SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/431" xlink:actuate="onRequest">WIND DIRECTION</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/datatype/details/437" xlink:actuate="onRequest">WIND SPEED</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/206" xlink:actuate="onRequest">barometric pressure sensor</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/insttype/details/183" xlink:actuate="onRequest">carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/3" xlink:actuate="onRequest">chemical</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/12" xlink:actuate="onRequest">meteorological</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/14" xlink:actuate="onRequest">physical</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/obstype/details/27" xlink:actuate="onRequest">surface underway</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/747" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/747" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="dataCentre">dataCentre</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/107" xlink:actuate="onRequest">South Pacific Ocean</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/seaname/details/170" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Southern Ocean</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>CruiseID</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Date</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Day_GMT</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DfCO2_UATM</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Group/ship</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Lat</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Long</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Press_ATM</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Press_Equil</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SAL</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SST</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SUBFLAG</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TEQ</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Time</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Type</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>WOCE_QC_FLAG</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>WindDirn_True</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>WindSpd_True</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>fCO2ATM_UATM _INTERPOLATED</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>xCO2EQ_PPM</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0bf12743-3ab8-4be7-9b48-b565723ed0ad" xlink:actuate="onRequest">BAROMETERS &gt; BAROMETERS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/aurora.html</gco:CharacterString>
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          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Group/ship;
Abbreviation: Group/ship;
Unit: CSIRO/ ship name.;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CruiseID;
Abbreviation: CruiseID;
Unit: Cruise designation.;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Day_GMT;
Abbreviation: Day_GMT;
Unit: UTC (ddd.hhhh).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Date;
Abbreviation: Date;
Unit: Observation date UTC (yyyy/mm/dd).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Time;
Abbreviation: Time;
Unit: Observation time UTC (hh:mm:ss).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Lat;
Abbreviation: Lat;
Unit: Latitude (decimal degrees).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Long;
Abbreviation: Long;
Unit: Longitude (decimal degrees).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: xCO2EQ_PPM;
Abbreviation: xCO2EQ_PPM;
Unit: Mole fraction of CO2 (dry) in the equilibrator head space at equilibrator temperature (ppm).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: xCO2ATM_PPM;
Abbreviation: xCO2ATM_PPM;
Unit: Mole fraction of CO2 in the atmosphere (dry), measured every 3-4 hours after standard gas measurements. These values are linearly interpolated with times between good atmospheric CO2 measurements.;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Press_Equil;
Abbreviation: Press_Equil;
Unit: Equilibrator head space pressure (hectopascal).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Press_ATM;
Abbreviation: Press_ATM;
Unit: Barometric pressure at sea level(hectopascal).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: TEQ;
Abbreviation: TEQ;
Unit: Equilibrator water temperature (degrees Celsius).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: SST;
Abbreviation: SST;
Unit: Sea surface temperature (degrees Celsius).;
Controlled vocabulary name: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: SAL;
Abbreviation: SAL;
Unit: Sea surface salinity.;
Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: fCO2SW_UATM;
Abbreviation: fCO2SW_UATM;
Unit: Fugacity of carbon dioxide at surface water salinity and temperature and 100% humidity (microatmosphers).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: fCO2ATM_UATM _INTERPOLATED;
Abbreviation: fCO2ATM_UATM _INTERPOLATED;
Unit: Fugacity of CO2 in the atmosphere from xCO2ATM_PPM at sea surface salinity and temperature and 100% humidity (microatmospheres).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: DfCO2_UATM;
Abbreviation: DfCO2_UATM;
Unit: Sea water fCO2 minus interpolated air fCO2 (microatmospheres).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WindSpd_True;
Abbreviation: WindSpd_True;
Unit: Wind speed (knots).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WindDirn_True;
Abbreviation: WindDirn_True;
Unit: Wind direction, where 0 is North and 90 is East (degrees).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Type;
Abbreviation: Type;
Unit: Measurement type (EQU = equilibrator head space, STD = standard gas, ATM = atmosphere).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: WOCE_QC_FLAG;
Abbreviation: WOCE_QC_FLAG;
Unit: WOCE quality control flag (2=good, 3=questionable).;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: SUBFLAG;
Abbreviation: SUBFLAG;
Unit: Quality control subflag when Flags=3.;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be21">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>barometric pressure sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>barometric pressure sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_bcdc">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>AURORA AUSTRALIS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Flag: Australia
Vessel Type: Oceanographic Research</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>