noaa-forcing-36233 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-04-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Paleo-pCO2 Database: Miocene pCO2 Reconstruction Data from Clarkia, Idaho 2022-03-30 publication doi:10.25921/vdtv-qf41 noaa-forcing-36233 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Liang, J.Q.L. originator Liang, J.Q.L. author Leng, Q.L. originator Leng, Q.L. author Hofig, D.H. originator Hofig, D.H. author Niu, G.N. originator Niu, G.N. author Wang, L.W. originator Wang, L.W. author Royer, D. originator Royer, D. author Burke, K.B. originator Burke, K.B. author Liang, X.L. originator Liang, X.L. author Yang, H. originator Yang, H. author Zhang, Y.G. originator Zhang, Y.G. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Forcing. The data include parameters of climate forcing|plant macrofossils with a geographic location of Idaho, United States Of America. The time period coverage is from 15780000 to 15780000 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of changes in solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, atmospheric trace gases, and other properties thought to influence climate in the past. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-forcing.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Forcing PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Forcing theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing|plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > plant macrofossils earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing > carbon dioxide theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: age; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: stomatal density; Material: null What: guard cell length; Material: null What: stomatal index; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: bulk atmosphere What: guard cell length; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: bulk atmosphere What: stomatal density; Material: null What: guard cell length; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: guard cell length; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: guard cell width; Material: null What: carbon dioxide; Material: bulk atmosphere What: stomatal density; Material: null What: stomatal index; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > North America > United States Of America > Idaho > Clarkia_Latah P-33 > LATITUDE 47 > LONGITUDE -116.3 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Liang, J.Q.L.; Leng, Q.L.; Hofig, D.H.; Niu, G.N.; Wang, L.W.; Royer, D.; Burke, K.B.; Liang, X.L.; Yang, H.; Zhang, Y.G. (2022-03-30): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Paleo-pCO2 Database: Miocene pCO2 Reconstruction Data from Clarkia, Idaho. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/vdtv-qf41. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Constraining conifer physiological parameters in leaf gas-exchange models for ancient CO2 reconstruction 2022 publication Liang, J., Leng, Q., Hofig, D. F., Niu, G., Wang, L., Royer, D. L., Burke, K., Xiao, L., Zhang, Y., and Yang, H. author Global and Planetary Change publisher https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103737 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2022 Liang, J., Leng, Q., Hofig, D. F., Niu, G., Wang, L., Royer, D. L., Burke, K., Xiao, L., Zhang, Y., and Yang, H., 2022: Constraining conifer physiological parameters in leaf gas-exchange models for ancient CO2 reconstruction. Global and Planetary Change, 209, , 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103737 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 15780000 cal yr BP to 15780000 cal yr BP; -116.3 -116.3 47 47 Study Coordinates 47 -116.3 -15778050 -15778050 ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Leaf gas-exchange models are increasingly used to reconstruct ancient atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. One of these widely used models, the Franks model, requires stomatal size (guard cell width and either guard cell length or pore length), whole-leaf stomatal density, and bulk-leaf carbon isotope composition (d13C) from plant fossils. However, natural variations of these parameters within and across plant leaves have not been assessed closely, hindering the application of this model and the evaluation of its associated uncertainties. Here we investigate the range of variations of these parameters, and evaluate their impact on the output of the Franks model in three conifers (Metasequoia, Sequoia, and Taxodium). We introduce a modified cleared leaf method that allows accurate measurements of stomatal size. We show that among the stomatal size parameters, pore length is the most variable. Whole-leaf stomatal density can be accurately estimated in a representative area in the middle portion of a leaf. Variations of d13C values are only slightly above analytical errors within a leaf and between leaves from a branchlet, but a ~ 1‰ negative shift of d13C during early decay of Metasequoia leaf tissues was observed. Our measured ranges in pore length and whole-leaf stomatal density have the biggest influence on model estimated CO2. To improve model performance, we recommend (1) the use of our modified cleared leaf method to acquire accurate stomatal size and whole-leaf stomatal density measurements from the middle portion of a leaf located at the middle portion of a branchlet; (2) scaling pore length from guard cell length; and (3) a systematic correction of carbon isotope fractionation may be applicable if information regarding tissue decay and fossil preservation is available. We tested our recommendations by reconstructing CO2 from both extant and fossil materials. Franks model-derived CO2 based upon modern leaves collected in 2004 and 2020 (346 and 416 ppm) are close to their targets (378 and 414 ppm) whereas stomatal frequency methods substantially underestimate (285 and 341 ppm). Reconstructed CO2 from the middle Miocene Clarkia deposit (505 and 507 ppm for Metasequoia and Taxodium) are comparable with published results. We conclude that an improved cleared leaf method for accurate measurements of key stomatal parameters and a statistically-informed stomatal counting strategy will improve the performance of the Franks model for reconstructing CO2 using these conifers with wide distributions of fossil records in the Northern Hemisphere since the Cretaceous. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/vdtv-qf41 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36233 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-forcing HTTPS Information NCEI Forcing Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-si_liang_2022a.xlsx HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-si_liang_2022a.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-sd_liang_2022a.xlsx HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-sd_liang_2022a.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-franks_liang_2022a.xlsx HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/stomata-franks_liang_2022a.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21