gov.noaa.nodc:0176672 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-06-12T13:02:00Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Current calcite (CaCO3) dissolution at the seafloor caused by anthropogenic CO2 (NCEI Accession 0176672) 2018-10-11 publication 2018-10-09 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/kbqy-4v05 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0176672 NCEI Archive Management System 0176672 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Olivier Sulpis McGill University olivier.sulpis@mail.mcgill.ca resourceProvider McGill University resourceProvider Olivier Sulpis McGill University olivier.sulpis@mail.mcgill.ca https://www.cnrs.fr/ HTTPS McGill University website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Bernard P. Boudreau Dalhousie University; Institute of Oceanography principalInvestigator Alfonso Mucci McGill University principalInvestigator Chris Jenkins University of Colorado Boulder https://www.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder website Institution web page information principalInvestigator David S. Trossman The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) https://www.utexas.edu/ HTTPS The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Brian K. Arbic University of Michigan principalInvestigator Robert M. Key Princeton University key@princeton.edu http://www.princeton.edu HTTP Princeton University website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Sulpis, Olivier McGill University https://www.cnrs.fr/ HTTPS McGill University website Institution web page information author Boudreau, Bernard P. Dalhousie University; Institute of Oceanography author Mucci, Alfonso McGill University author Jenkins, Chris University of Colorado Boulder https://www.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder website Institution web page information author Trossman, David S. The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) https://www.utexas.edu/ HTTPS The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) website Institution web page information author Arbic, Brian K. University of Michigan author Key, Robert M. Princeton University key@princeton.edu http://www.princeton.edu HTTP Princeton University website Institution web page information author University of Colorado Boulder https://www.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder website Institution web page information contributor Princeton University http://www.princeton.edu HTTP Princeton University website Institution web page information contributor University of Michigan contributor The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) https://www.utexas.edu/ HTTPS The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) website Institution web page information contributor Dalhousie University https://www.dal.ca/ HTTPS Dalhousie University website Institution web page information contributor McGill University contributor tableDigital This dataset consists of current CaCO3 dissolution at the seafloor caused by anthropogenic CO2 in the World Oceans. This dataset contains the main results from Sulpis et al. (PNAS, 2018). All the variables have a 1x1 degree resolution. It can be used to compute calcite dissolution at the seafloor for changing bottom-water chemistry, calcite rain rates or current speeds, for instance. Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 leads to decreased pH, carbonate ion concentration, and saturation state with respect to CaCO3 minerals, causing increased dissolution of these minerals at the deep seafloor. This additional dissolution will figure prominently in the neutralization of man-made CO2. Yet, there has been no concerted assessment of the current extent of anthropogenic CaCO3 dissolution at the deep seafloor. Here, recent databases of bottom-water chemistry, benthic currents, and CaCO3 content of deep-sea sediments are combined with a new rate model to derive the global distribution of benthic calcite dissolution rates and obtain primary confirmation of an anthropogenic component. By comparing pre-industrial with present-day rates, we determine that significant anthropogenic dissolution now occurs in the western North Atlantic, amounting to 40-100% of the total seafloor dissolution at its most intense locations. At these locations, the calcite compensation depth has risen ~300 m. Increased benthic dissolution was also revealed at various hot spots in the southern extent of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Our findings place constraints on future predictions of ocean acidification, are consequential to the fate of benthic calcifiers, and indicate that a by-product of human activities is currently altering the geological record of the deep sea. This dataset is available to the public for a wide variety of uses including scientific research and analysis. Funding Information: US National Science Foundation, NSERC Discovery Grant (Current calcite (CaCO3) dissolution, OCE-0960820) Funding Information: US National Science Foundation, NSERC Discovery Grant (Current calcite (CaCO3) dissolution, PLR-1425989) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0176672 Preview graphic PNG 0176672 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2018-10-06 publication CALCITE CONCENTRATION Calcium DEPTH - BOTTOM theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS chemical discrete sample meteorological physical theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF USSR platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Dalhousie University McGill University Princeton University The University of Texas at Austin University of Colorado Boulder University of Michigan dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS McGill University dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Arctic Ocean Indian Ocean North Atlantic Ocean North Pacific Ocean South Atlantic Ocean South Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication Various project Cruise ID Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > WATER DEPTH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Data synthesis product Discrete measurement Profile theme OCADS Study Type Botton current speed (u) Calcite dissolution rate Calcium carbonate solid fraction in surface sediments (Xc) Carbonate ion overall mass transfer coefficient (kstar) Carbonate ion sediment-side mass transfer coefficient (ks) Carbonate ion water-side mass transfer coefficient (beta) Depth Diffusive boundary layer thickness (zDBL) Latitude (lat) Longitude (lon) theme Provider Variable Abbreviations Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Sulpis, Olivier; Boudreau, Bernard P.; Mucci, Alfonso; Jenkins, Chris; Trossman, David S.; Arbic, Brian K.; Key, Robert M. (2018). Current calcite (CaCO3) dissolution at the seafloor caused by anthropogenic CO2 (NCEI Accession 0176672). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/kbqy-4v05. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Current calcite (CaCO3) dissolution at the seafloor caused by anthropogenic CO2 2022 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ndp_099/ndp099.html HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ndp_099/ndp099.html Related resource information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -180 180 -90 90 1800-01-01 2002-12-31 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 7.728 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0176672.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://doi.org/10.25921/kbqy-4v05 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/176672 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/176672 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0125/0176672/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0176672 v1.1 was published. 2018-10-11T00:48:08Z NCEI Accession 0176672 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0176672/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0176672 v1.1 published 2018-10-11T00:48:08Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD); Abbreviation: Depth; Unit: KM; Observation type: depth at which the calcite rain rate equals its dissolution rate, see Sulpis et al. (PNAS, 2018) Parameter or Variable: Preindustrial Calcite Compensation Depth (PI_CCD); Abbreviation: Depth Parameter or Variable: Preindustrial calcite dissolution rate at the sediment-water interface (PI_r); Abbreviation: Calcite dissolution rate; Unit: mol/m2/a Parameter or Variable: Calcite dissolution rate at the sediment-water interface (r); Abbreviation: Calcite dissolution rate; Unit: mol/m2/a; Observation type: Current (2002) Parameter or Variable: Botton current speed (u):; Abbreviation: Botton current speed (u); Unit: m/s; Observation type: inferred from an inline computation of the annually averaged kinetic energy field of a nominally 1/25th degree global configuration of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), see Trossman et al. (Ocean Modelling, 2016) Parameter or Variable: Carbonate ion water-side mass transfer coefficient (beta); Abbreviation: Carbonate ion water-side mass transfer coefficient (beta); Unit: m/a; Observation type: it is simply the free solution diffusion coefficient for carbonate ion divided by the thickness of the DBL, and is computed here as a function of seawater viscosity and bottom-current speed, as explained in Sulpis et al. (PNAS, 2018) Parameter or Variable: Carbonate ion sediment-side mass transfer coefficient (ks); Abbreviation: Carbonate ion sediment-side mass transfer coefficient (ks); Unit: m/a; Observation type: it depends on the CaCO3 content of the sediment and is temperature-corrected Parameter or Variable: Carbonate ion overall mass transfer coefficient (kstar); Abbreviation: Carbonate ion overall mass transfer coefficient (kstar); Unit: m/a; Observation type: non-linear combination of the water-side and sediment-side mass transfer coefficients Parameter or Variable: Calcium carbonate solid fraction in surface sediments (Xc); Abbreviation: Calcium carbonate solid fraction in surface sediments (Xc); Unit: [no unit]; Observation type: from the dbSEABED database compiled by Chris Jenkins at INSTAAR, see Jenkins (Sea Technol., 1997), Goff and Jenkins (Cont. Shelf. Reas., 2008) Parameter or Variable: Diffusive boundary layer thickness (zDBL); Abbreviation: Diffusive boundary layer thickness (zDBL); Unit: micrometers; Observation type: computed as explained in Sulpis et al. (PNAS, 2018) Parameter or Variable: Longitude (lon); Abbreviation: Longitude (lon); Unit: in degrees N Parameter or Variable: Latitude (lat); Abbreviation: Latitude (lat); Unit: in degrees E asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF USSR UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF USSR