noaa-forcing-14168 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2023-09-01 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global and Hemispheric 1200 Year Volcanic Climate Forcing Estimates 2013-03-22 publication doi:10.25921/zztg-6f51 noaa-forcing-14168 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Crowley, T.J. originator Crowley, T.J. author Unterman, M.B. originator Unterman, M.B. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Forcing. The data include parameters of climate forcing with a geographic location of Southern Hemisphere. The time period coverage is from 1150 to -50 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of changes in solar irradiance, volcanic aerosols, atmospheric trace gases, and other properties thought to influence climate in the past. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-forcing.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Forcing PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Forcing theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing earth science > paleoclimate > climate forcing > volcanic theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian What: effective aerosol radius; Material: null What: volcanic sulfate; Material: null What: aerosol optical depth; Material: null What: effective aerosol radius; Material: null What: volcanic sulfate; Material: null What: aerosol optical depth; Material: null What: aerosol optical depth; Material: null What: aerosol optical depth; Material: null What: aerosol optical depth; Material: null What: notes; Material: null What: age; Material: null What: effective aerosol radius; Material: null What: effective aerosol radius; Material: null What: effective aerosol radius; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Southern Hemisphere > Southern Hemisphere > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE Geographic Region > Northern Hemisphere > Northern Hemisphere > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Crowley, T.J.; Unterman, M.B. (2013-03-22): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Global and Hemispheric 1200 Year Volcanic Climate Forcing Estimates. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/zztg-6f51. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Technical details concerning development of a 1200-yr proxy index for global volcanism 2013 publication Crowley, T.J. and M. B. Unterman author Earth System Science Data publisher https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-187-2013 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2013 Crowley, T.J. and M. B. Unterman, 2013: Technical details concerning development of a 1200-yr proxy index for global volcanism. Earth System Science Data, 5, 187-197, 10.5194/essd-5-187-2013 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 800 CE to 2000 CE; Date Range: 1150 cal yr BP to -50 cal yr BP; -180 180 -90 90 800 2000 STUDY NOTES: Supplemental Table 1 - Estimated age and average sulphate flux (kg/km2) of 30-90N composite. Eruptions inferred to have occurred in the tropics are labeled. UP label refers to possible "unipolar" tropical eruption, in which the eruption plume penetrates mainly to polar regions in only the hemisphere of its eruption. Supplemental Table 2 - Estimated age and average sulphate flux (kg/km2) of 30-90S composite. Eruptions inferred to have occurred in the tropics are labeled. Supplemental Table 3 - Inferred yearly global average aerosol optical depth (AOD) (at 550 nm) and effective aerosol radius (Reff) in um ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: This report describes details of developing a volcano forcing reconstruction (Crowley et al., 2008) for climate models that is based primarily on sulphate records in Antarctic and Greenland ice cores. The chronology of eruptions is considered accurate to within 1 yr for the interval AD 1104-2000 and about 2 yr for AD 800-1103. The reconstruction involves (1) calibration against satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) estimates of the 1991 Pinatubo/Hudson eruptions; (2) partial validation against independent lunar estimates of AOD and global sulphate emissions; (3) partial assessment of uncertainties in AOD estimates; (4) assessment of possible tropical "false positives" in ice core reconstructions due to simultaneous occurrence of mid/high-latitude eruptions in each hemisphere; (5) identification of a new category of eruptions, termed "unipolar" tropical eruptions, in which the eruption plume penetrates mainly to polar regions in only the hemisphere of its eruption; (6) use of different growth curves for high- and low-latitude eruptions; (7) specification of 2/3 power shortwave scaling for eruptions larger than the 1991 Pinatubo eruption; (8) introduction of an estimate of effective particle size that affects lifetime and scattering properties of stratospheric aerosols; and (9) utilization of bimonthly-resolution electrical conductivity measurements to estimate the eruption date of the 1258/1259 eruption as 1257.7 +/- 0.2. The data, and a high-temporal resolution reconstruction for climate models, are available at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:14168. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/zztg-6f51 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/14168 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-forcing HTTPS Information NCEI Forcing Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ici5_aod_reff_c.zip HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/crowley2013so4-sh.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/crowley2013so4-nh.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/crowley2013pmip.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/crowley2013aod-reff.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_3090S_REFF_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_3090S_AOD_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_3090N_REFF_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_3090N_AOD_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_030S_REFF_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_030S_AOD_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_030N_REFF_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/volcanic_aerosols/crowley2013/ICI5_030N_AOD_c.txt HTTPS Download NCEI Direct Download Direct download links for dataset files. download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21