noaa-recon-21090 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-01-04 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northern Hemisphere 1,500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions 2017-02-27 publication doi:10.25921/42gh-z167 noaa-recon-21090 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Guillet, S. originator Guillet, S. author Corona, C. originator Corona, C. author Stoffel, M. originator Stoffel, M. author Khodri, M. originator Khodri, M. author Lavigne, F. originator Lavigne, F. author Ortega, P. originator Ortega, P. author Eckert, N. originator Eckert, N. author Dkengne Sielenou, P. originator Dkengne Sielenou, P. author Daux, V. originator Daux, V. author Churakova (Sidorova), O.V. originator Churakova (Sidorova), O.V. author Davi, N.K. originator Davi, N.K. author Edouard, J.-L. originator Edouard, J.-L. author Zhang, Y. originator Zhang, Y. author Luckman, B.H. originator Luckman, B.H. author Myglan, V.S. originator Myglan, V.S. author Guiot, J. originator Guiot, J. author Beniston, M. originator Beniston, M. author Masson-Delmotte, V. originator Masson-Delmotte, V. author Oppenheimer, C. originator Oppenheimer, C. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions with a geographic location of Northern Hemisphere. The time period coverage is from 1450 to -50 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > historical earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > historical earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > historical earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions earth science > paleoclimate > historical earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > air temperature theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Air Temperature Reconstruction theme What: surface air temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface air temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: grape harvest date; Material: null What: surface air temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface air temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: longitude; Material: null What: grape harvest date; Material: null What: latitude; Material: null What: grape harvest date; Material: null What: surface air temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: age; Material: null What: surface air temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: surface air temperature; Material: multiple proxies What: grape harvest date; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Geographic Region > Northern Hemisphere > Northern Hemisphere > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Guillet, S.; Corona, C.; Stoffel, M.; Khodri, M.; Lavigne, F.; Ortega, P.; Eckert, N.; Dkengne Sielenou, P.; Daux, V.; Churakova (Sidorova), O.V.; Davi, N.K.; Edouard, J.-L.; Zhang, Y.; Luckman, B.H.; Myglan, V.S.; Guiot, J.; Beniston, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.; Oppenheimer, C. (2017-02-27): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Northern Hemisphere 1,500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstructions. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/42gh-z167. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records 2017 publication Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Markus Stoffel, Myriam Khodri, Franck Lavigne, Pablo Ortega, Nicolas Eckert, Pascal Dkengne Sielenou, Valérie Daux, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Nicole Davi, Jean-Louis Edouard, Yong Zhang, Brian H. Luckman, Vladimir S. Myglan, Joël Guiot, Martin Beniston, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Clive Oppenheimer author Nature Geoscience publisher https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2875 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2017 Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Markus Stoffel, Myriam Khodri, Franck Lavigne, Pablo Ortega, Nicolas Eckert, Pascal Dkengne Sielenou, Valérie Daux, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Nicole Davi, Jean-Louis Edouard, Yong Zhang, Brian H. Luckman, Vladimir S. Myglan, Joël Guiot, Martin Beniston, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Clive Oppenheimer, 2017: Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records. Nature Geoscience, 10, 123-128, 10.1038/NGEO2875 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 500 CE to 2000 CE; Date Range: 1450 cal yr BP to -50 cal yr BP; -180 180 0 90 500 2000 STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy summer (June-August) spatial temperature reconstructions over the Northern Hemisphere for the past 1,500 years ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both an eruption magnitude and a volcanic explosivity index of 7. During the Samalas eruption, more than 40 km3 of dense magma was expelled and the eruption column is estimated to have reached altitudes of 43 km. However, the climatic response to the Samalas event is debated since climate model simulations generally predict a stronger and more prolonged surface air cooling of Northern Hemisphere summers than inferred from tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions. Here, we draw on historical archives, ice-core data and tree-ring records to reconstruct the spatial and temporal climate response to the Samalas eruption. We find that 1258 and 1259 experienced some of the coldest Northern Hemisphere summers of the past millennium. However, cooling across the Northern Hemisphere was spatially heterogeneous. Western Europe, Siberia and Japan experienced strong cooling, coinciding with warmer-than-average conditions over Alaska and northern Canada. We suggest that in North America, volcanic radiative forcing was modulated by a positive phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Contemporary records attest to severe famines in England and Japan, but these began prior to the eruption. We conclude that the Samalas eruption aggravated existing crises, but did not trigger the famines. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/42gh-z167 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/21090 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction HTTPS Information NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/readme-guillet2017nhtemp.txt HTTPS Download /reconstructions/guillet2017/readme-guillet2017nhtemp.txt Readme download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/guillet2017/ HTTPS Download /reconstructions/guillet2017/ Data Folder download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21