gov.noaa.nodc:0209529 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2025-10-03T13:10:11Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought (NCEI Accession 0209529) 2020-05-09 publication 2020-10-31 revision 2020-04-03 creation International DOI Foundation (IDF) 10.25921/2vbe-8092 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0209529 NCEI Archive Management System 0209529 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher A. Park Williams Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) williams@ldeo.columbia.edu http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information resourceProvider Park Williams Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Williams, A. Park Columbia University; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information author Cook, Edward R. author Smerdon, Jason E. author Cook, Benjamin I. author Abatzoglou, John T. author Bolles, Kasey author Baek, Seung H. author Badger, Andrew M. author Livneh, Ben University of Colorado Boulder https://www.colorado.edu/ HTTPS University of Colorado Boulder website Institution web page information author Park Williams Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/ HTTP Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This is an archive of the gridded climate, soil moisture, and reconstruction datasets produced for an evaluation of recent observed western North American drought conditions in the context of the past 1200 years and a climate-change attribution approach to evaluate the possible contribution of anthropogenic climate change to recent drought anomalies. The datasets are gridded spatiotemporal cubes stored as netCDF files as well as text files with annual time series of regionally averaged drought metrics. The gridded climate datasets have 1/8- and 1/4-degree resolution are calibrated versions of multiple data products to allow for full North American coverage for the 1901-2018 period at monthly and daily time scales. The soil-moisture datasets are also gridded at 1/8- and 1/4-degree resolutions, span 1901-2018, and were calculated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model and bucket moisture-balance modeling. The reconstructions are of annualized summer soil moisture at 1/2-degree resolution for western North America. This data archive also contains time series of the 1,521 tree-ring width indices (RWI) used for the reconstructions. This dataset was generated to reconstruct summer soil-moisture drought severity across western North America for the past 1200 years, assess the severity of anomalously dry conditions observed in 2000–2018 in a 1200-year context, and parse apart the recent drought severity into components driven by anthropogenic climate trends versus natural variability National Science Foundation, Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences-#1703029 completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded NCEI Accession 0209529 was revised and a new version of the archival package was published. Updates to existing archival packages may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. The latest version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. Please see journal.txt in the /about directory for additional details on changes made. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0209529 Preview graphic PNG 0209529 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2020-10-15 publication AIR TEMPERATURE LATITUDE LONGITUDE PRECIPITATION RELATIVE HUMIDITY SOLAR RADIATION - ATMOSPHERIC WIND SPEED theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS actinometry aerology agriculturalMeteorology airPollution airplaneObservation climatology glaciology hydrology landHydrology landMeteorologyClimate landPollution landWaterPollution meteorology pollution satelliteObservation synopticMeteorology weatherForecasts weatherObservations theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication COLUMBIA/LDEO > Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian National Science Foundation, Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences-1703029 project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR INDICATORS > HUMIDITY > RELATIVE HUMIDITY EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WINDS > SURFACE WINDS > WIND SPEED EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 23 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Daily mean heat flux Daily mean sensible heat flux Daily mean snow water equivalent Daily mean soil moisture within 0-40 cm Daily mean soil moisture within 100-200 cm Daily mean soil moisture within 40-100 cm Daily net total snow melt Daily net total snow sublimation Final year of the calibration period Fractional effect of prior-month MCDI versus current-month Z-index June-August self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index Mean daily 0-40 cm soil moisture Mean daily 100-200 cm soil moisture Mean daily 40-100 cm soil moisture Mean daily latent heat flux Mean daily sensible heat flux Mean daily snow melt Mean daily snow water equivalent Mean daily sublimation Monthly intercept value used to convert MCDI to SMf Monthly mean albedo Monthly slope value used to convert MCDI to SMf Spatial smoothing of target dataset Standardized June-August soil-moisture anomaly available water capacity daily net snow sublimation elevation above sea level fraction of 1979-2010 monthly mean 0-200 cm soil moisture plus snow water equivalent latitude longitude mean daily 0-10 cm soil moisture mean daily 10-100 cm soil moisture mean daily maximum temperature mean daily minimum temperature mean downward longwave radiation at the surface mean downward solar radiation at the surface mean relative humidity mean saturation vapor pressure mean surface pressure mean vapor pressure mean wind speed month monthly Model Calibrated Drought Index monthly Palmer Z-index monthly mean 0-200 cm soil moisture monthly mean snow water equivalent monthly self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index precipitation total ring-width index (RWI) chronologies search radius self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index time total Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration total Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration after adjusting surface resistance for increasing [CO2] following methods of Yang et al. (2019 Nature Climate Change) year theme Provider Keywords accessLevel: Public otherRestrictions Cite as: Williams, A. Park; Cook, Edward R.; Smerdon, Jason E.; Cook, Benjamin I.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Bolles, Kasey; Baek, Seung H.; Badger, Andrew M.; Livneh, Ben (2020). Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought (NCEI Accession 0209529). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/2vbe-8092. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Williams, A. P., Cook, E. R., Smerdon, J. E., Cook, B. I., Abatzoglou, J. T., Bolles, K., Baek, S. H., Badger, A. M., & Livneh, B. (2020). Large contribution from anthropogenic warming to an emerging North American megadrought. Science, 368(6488), 314–318. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600 2020-04-17 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz9600 journal article information Williams, A. Park Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. author Cook, Edward R. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. author Smerdon, Jason E. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. author Cook, Benjamin I. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. author Abatzoglou, John T. Department of Geography, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA. author Bolles, Kasey Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. author Baek, Seung H. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. author Badger, Andrew M. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. author Livneh, Ben Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. author American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) publisher documentDigital Science 368(6488) ISSN 0036-8075, ISSN 1095-9203, pp. 314-318 crossReference sciencePaper Tricycle: A Universal Conversion Tool For Digital Tree-Ring Data 2011 publication https://hdl.handle.net/10150/622638 HTTPS https://hdl.handle.net/10150/622638 journal article information Brewer, Peter W. author Murphy, Daniel author Jansma, Esther author Tree-Ring Society publisher documentDigital Tree-Ring Research ISBN/ISSN 2162-4585, ISBN/ISSN 1536-1098 crossReference sciencePaper Williams, A. Park (2022). Climate observation data, modeled soil moisture and reconstructed soil moisture model outputs from June 800 through 2021 (NCEI Accession 0241207). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/8pt9-hz08. 2022-02-05 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/8pt9-hz08 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0241207 https://doi.org/10.25921/8pt9-hz08 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25921/8pt9-hz08 A subset of accession 0209529 information Williams, A. Park University of California - Los Angeles https://www.ucla.edu/ HTTPS University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference collection eng; USA utf8 environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere -170.125 -51.875 10.875 72.625 1900-01-01 2018-12-31 In this accession, NCEI has archived multiple versions of these data. The latest (and best) version of these data has the largest version number. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. netCDF HDF5 ASCII Text PNG 214567.424 https://doi.org/10.25921/2vbe-8092 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/209529 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/209529 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0155/0209529/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0209529 v1.1 was published. 2020-05-09T11:28:12Z NCEI Accession 0209529 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0209529/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0209529 v1.1 published 2020-05-09T11:28:12Z download NCEI Accession 0209529 was revised and v2.2 was published. Updates were received for this dataset. These updates were copied into the data/0-data/ directory of this accession. These updates may provide additional files or replace obsolete files. This version contains the most complete and up-to-date representation of this archival information package. All of the files received prior to this update are available in the preceding version of this accession. 2020-10-31T11:03:36Z NCEI Accession 0209529 v2.2 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0209529/2.2 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0209529 v2.2 published 2020-10-31T11:03:36Z download asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian