noaa-coral-13439 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-04-24 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Sabine Bank, Vanuatu stable isotope salinity reconstruction from 1842-2007 CE 2012-10-24 publication doi:10.25921/c417-zb83 noaa-coral-13439 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Gorman, M.K. originator Gorman, M.K. author Quinn, T.M. originator Quinn, T.M. author Taylor, F.W. originator Taylor, F.W. author Partin, J.W. originator Partin, J.W. author Cabioch, G. originator Cabioch, G. author Austin Jr., J.A. originator Austin Jr., J.A. author Pelletier, B. originator Pelletier, B. author Ballu, V. originator Ballu, V. author Maes, C. originator Maes, C. author Saustrup, S. originator Saustrup, S. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Coral. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges with a geographic location of Vanuatu, Melanesia. The time period coverage is from 108 to -57 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past climate and ocean environment derived from stable isotope, trace metal, and other measurements made on corals and sclerosponges. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-coral.png Paleoclimatology - Coral and Sclerosponge PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Biological Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Ocean/Lake Records > Coral Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > oxygen isotopes earth science > paleoclimate > corals and sclerosponges > carbon isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction theme What: sea water salinity; Material: delta 18O What: sample identification; Material: null What: delta 13C; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: age; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 13C; Material: Porites lutea What: delta 18O; Material: Porites lutea theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Ocean > Pacific Ocean > South Pacific Ocean > Melanesia > Vanuatu > Sabine Bank > LATITUDE -15.94 > LONGITUDE 166.04 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Gorman, M.K.; Quinn, T.M.; Taylor, F.W.; Partin, J.W.; Cabioch, G.; Austin Jr., J.A.; Pelletier, B.; Ballu, V.; Maes, C.; Saustrup, S. (2012-10-24): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Sabine Bank, Vanuatu stable isotope salinity reconstruction from 1842-2007 CE. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/c417-zb83. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. A coral-based reconstruction of sea surface salinity at Sabine Bank, Vanuatu from 1842 to 2007 CE 2012 publication Gorman, M.K., T.M. Quinn, F.W. Taylor, J.W. Partin, G. Cabioch, J.A. Austin Jr., B. Pelletier, V. Ballu, C. Maes, and S. Saustrup author Paleoceanography publisher https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002302 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2012 Gorman, M.K., T.M. Quinn, F.W. Taylor, J.W. Partin, G. Cabioch, J.A. Austin Jr., B. Pelletier, V. Ballu, C. Maes, and S. Saustrup, 2012: A coral-based reconstruction of sea surface salinity at Sabine Bank, Vanuatu from 1842 to 2007 CE. Paleoceanography, 27, , 10.1029/2012PA002302 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 1842 CE to 2007 CE; Date Range: 108 cal yr BP to -57 cal yr BP; 166.04 166.04 -15.94 -15.94 Study Coordinates -15.94 166.04 1842 2007 STUDY NOTES: Stable isotopic analyses (d18O and d13C) from a modern Porites lutea coral cored at Sabine Bank, Vanuatu in December 2006 and October 2007. The d18O anomaly data is used to investigate salinity variability at this location from 1842-2007 CE (span of 165 years). A 2-m long core (06SB-A1) was extracted from a Porites lutea coral head in 8 m of water at Sabine Bank, Vanuatu (166.07°E, 15.94°S), in December 2006. A 2.9-m long core (07SB-A2) was extracted from the same coral head in October 2007, reaching the base of the coral. We prepared the 8-cm diameter cores by cutting them into 6-mm thick slabs; X-radiographs of these slabs helped to determine the maximum growth axis of the coral, which guided the selection of the most appropriate sampling paths for micromilling powders. Using a computer assisted micromill drilling system, we collected coral sample powders at 1 mm intervals, which equates to approximate monthly sampling, given an estimate of an annual extension rate of 1.2 cm/yr. Core 06SB-A1 was sampled in its entirety and 07SB-A2 was sampled from 0 to 40 cm (to confirm overlap of the two cores and to gain an extra year in the time series) and from 143 to 290 cm, which overlaps with the lower end of 06SB-A1 and extends the time series back to 1842 CE. Results are only reported to a depth of 200 cm as a result of diagenetic alteration at the bottom of the core, which is visible as dark patches in the X- radiographs and large excursions, as well as the lack of an annual cycle in the geochemical time series. Stable isotope determinations were made on aliquots of sample powder using a Thermo-Finnigan MAT253 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS), with a Kiel IV Carbonate Device, and on a Thermo-Finnigan Delta V Plus IRMS with Gasbench II (GB II) connected to a Conflo IV, both at the Analytical Laboratory for Paleoclimate Studies (ALPS) at the Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin. The precision of the Kiel IV/MAT253 IRMS for samples in this study is 0.05‰ for d18O and 0.03‰ for d13C (1-sigma), as estimated via multiple analyses of a carbonate standard (n = 224), which is consistent with long- term precision for this instrument of 0.06‰ for d18O and 0.03‰ for d13C. The precision of the GB II/Delta V Plus IRMS is 0.07‰ for d18O and 0.03‰ for d13C (1-sigma), as estimated via multiple analyses of the same carbonate standard (n = 25), which is consistent with long-term precision for this instrument of 0.07‰ for d18O and 0.03‰ for d13C. Replicate coral samples analyzed on both mass spectrometers yield similar results (mean difference = 0.03‰ for d18O and 0.12‰ for d13C; n = 35). All stable isotope values are reported relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB), in standard delta notation. Reconstructed SSS = 34.861 + 1.772*d18Oanomaly. See the paper for a full description of the methods used. ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Climate variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) results in large sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-surface salinity (SSS) anomalies in many regions of the tropical Pacific Ocean. We investigate interannual changes in SSS driven by ENSO in the southwestern Pacific at Sabine Bank, Vanuatu (SBV, 166.04°E, 15.94°S) using monthly variations in coral d18O from 1842 to 2007 CE. We develop and apply a coral d18O -SSS transfer function, which is assessed using a calibration-verification exercise (1970-2007 CE). The 165-year reconstructed SSS record contains a prominent trend toward freshening from 1842 to 2007 CE; mean SSS for 1842-1872 CE is 35.46 ± 0.28 psu, which contrasts with a mean value of 34.85 ± 0.31 psu for 1977-2007 CE, with a freshening trend during the latter part of the 20th century that is not unprecedented with respect to the overall record. Variance in the record is concentrated in the interannual (42%) and interdecadal (29%) bands. The SBV-SSS record matches well with a similarly reconstructed SSS time series at Malo Channel, Vanuatu, which is located ~120 km to the east of SBV. This regional signal is likely driven by ENSO-related changes in the SPCZ and interdecadal changes in surface water advection. The pattern of interdecadal variability at SBV agrees reasonably well with coral records of interdecadal variability from Fiji and Tonga, especially in the pre-1940 portions of the records, further evidence for the regional extent of the salinity signal at Sabine Bank, Vanuatu. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/c417-zb83 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/13439 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/coral-sclerosponge HTTPS Information NCEI Coral Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/gorman2012-rawdata-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/west_pacific/gorman2012-rawdata-noaa.txt Coral download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/gorman2012-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /coral/west_pacific/gorman2012-noaa.txt Coral download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21