gov.noaa.nodc:0306183 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-06-01T18:15:18Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Billfish Larval Data from Plankton Tows Conducted off the Kona Coast in West Hawaiʻi between 1997 and 2018 (NCEI Accession 0306183) 2025-08-19 publication 2025-07-14 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0306183 NCEI Archive Management System 0306183 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Lori Luers NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) resourceProvider Jonathan Whitney NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division jonathan.whitney@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Andrea Schmidt Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) andrea.schmidt@noaa.gov https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information pointOfContact Jessica Perelman Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) jessica.perelman@noaa.gov https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Justin Suca Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) jscua@hawaii.edu https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Schmidt, Andrea Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR), under grant from NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information author Whitney, Jonathan NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Perelman, Jessica Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR), under grant from NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information author Suca, Justin Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR), under grant from NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information contributor Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This is a 20-year (1997-2018) dataset of neustonic ichthyoplankton collections from West Hawaiʻi and beyond focusing on four species of billfishes (Blue Marlin, a'u, (Makaira nigricans), Striped Marlin, a'u, (Kajikia audax), Shortbilled Spearfish, a'u, (Tetrapturus angustirostris), and Swordfish, a'u ku, (Xiphias gladius)). We compiled observations of billfish larvae over this 20- year period (from 998 discrete ichthyoplankton tows in West Hawaii), and provide specimen information and species level identifications for many of these larvae using both existing and new genetic assignments. Additionally, we filtered these data to tows with consistent methodologies revealing 1761 larval billfishes (from 771 discrete surface tows in West Hawaii). We also constructed a thorough dataset of environmental variables (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll) associated with each occurrence of larval billfish and all absences using oceanographic data collected in-situ during cruises and satellite data. We present the first complete multispecies larval billfish dataset with coupled environmental data in the Pacific Islands Region ready for statistical analysis. This dataset will be critical for improving our understanding of how oceanographic features and environmental changes will affect larval growth, survival, and ultimately population replenishment. Understanding the habitat requirements of species throughout their life history provides insight into the environmental drivers that regulate their distribution and abundance. Identifying essential habitats used by larval and juvenile fishes has become a critical component of Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) especially for recreationally and commercially important fisheries species. Billfishes (generally, a'u, specifically:Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans), Striped Marlin (Kajikia audax), Shortbilled Spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris), and a'u ku or Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)) are popular sportfishing targets near Hawai'i Island. Despite their commercial and recreational value, there is currently no published information on larval distribution and habitat requirements for billfishes in Hawaiian waters. To address this knowledge gap we created this dataset combining larval billfish specimen information, environmental measurements at the location where the larva was collected (and absences), and plankton tow information to normalize observations across years. Generally, monitoring ichthyoplankton levels helps to understand the composition of the neustonic plankton communities across space and time, with focus on larval dynamics of commercially and culturally important species. These data represent a strong tool to monitor spawning, recruitment, and phenology of larvae. Understanding the habitat requirements of species throughout their life history provides insight into the environmental drivers that regulate their distribution and abundance. Funding Agency: Wild Oceans Funding Agency: International Game Fish Association Funding Agency: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0306183 Preview graphic PNG 0306183 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2025-04-29 publication CHLOROPHYLL A CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION FLUORESCENCE HABITAT ICHTHYOPLANKTON LENGTH SALINITY SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - LIFE STAGE WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS flow meter fluorometer microscope net - plankton net Niskin bottle satellite sensor - active microwave satellite sensor - visible to infrared thermosalinograph visual observation instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS biological in situ laboratory analyses satellite data theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette NOAA Ship Townsend Cromwell platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coastal Waters of Hawaii North Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NMFS > National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian West Hawai'i Ichthyoplankton Time Series Project project Provider Project Names EARTH SCIENCE > BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > PROTISTS > PLANKTON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CHLOROPHYLL EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN OPTICS > FLUORESCENCE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION- 8 day mean Lunar Illumination Modelled Salinity Water Volume distance to shore theme Provider Keywords FLUOROMETERS > FLUOROMETERS MICROSCOPES > MICROSCOPES NISKIN BOTTLES PLANKTON NETS THERMOSALINOGRAPHS VISUAL OBSERVATIONS > VISUAL OBSERVATIONS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian R package computer instrument Provider Instruments Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian OSCAR ELTON SETTE (call sign: WTEE, ICES code: 33OC, 2003-) TOWNSEND CROMWELL (ICES code: 31TC) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian J74D4J Send2NCEI Submission Package ID accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Schmidt, Andrea; Whitney, Jonathan; Perelman, Jessica; Suca, Justin (2025). Billfish Larval Data from Plankton Tows Conducted off the Kona Coast in West Hawaiʻi between 1997 and 2018 (NCEI Accession 0306183). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0306183. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. license This dataset has been dedicated to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. SPDX License: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 2025: Larval Billfish Data from Plankton Tows Conducted off the Kona Coast in West Hawai'i between 1997 and 2018, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/74319. 2025-07-14 publication gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:74319 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/74319 HTTPS https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/74319 metadata page information NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) publisher tableDigital crossReference collection Hyde, J., Lynn, E., Humphreys, R., Musyl, M., West, A., & Vetter, R. (2005). Shipboard identification of fish eggs and larvae by multiplex PCR, and description of fertilized eggs of blue marlin, shortbill spearfish, and wahoo. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 286, 269–277. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps286269 2005 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.3354/meps286269 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps286269 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.3354/meps286269 journal article information Hyde, JR author Lynn, E author Humphreys, R author Musyl, M author West, AP author Vetter, R author Inter-Research Science Center publisher documentDigital Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 286 ISSN 0171-8630, ISSN 1616-1599, pp. 269-277 crossReference sciencePaper Whitney, J. L., Gove, J. M., McManus, M. A., Smith, K. A., Lecky, J., Neubauer, P., Phipps, J. E., Contreras, E. A., Kobayashi, D. R., & Asner, G. P. (2021). Surface slicks are pelagic nurseries for diverse ocean fauna. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81407-0 2021-02-04 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81407-0 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81407-0 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81407-0 journal article information Whitney, Jonathan L. author Gove, Jamison M. author McManus, Margaret A. author Smith, Katharine A. author Lecky, Joey author Neubauer, Philipp author Phipps, Jana E. author Contreras, Emily A. author Kobayashi, Donald R. author Asner, Gregory P. author Springer Science and Business Media LLC publisher documentDigital Sci Rep 11(1) ISSN 2045-2322 crossReference sciencePaper Sathyendranath, S., Jackson, T., Brockmann, C., Brotas, V., Calton, B., Chuprin, A., Clements, O., Cipollini, P., Danne, O., Dingle, J., Donlon, C., Grant, M., Groom, S., Krasemann, H., Lavender, S., Mazeran, C., Mélin, F., Müller, D., Steinmetz, F., … Platt, T. (2021). ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (Ocean_Colour_cci): Version 5.0 Data [Data set]. NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis. https://doi.org/10.5285/1dbe7a109c0244aaad713e078fd3059a 2021 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.5285/1dbe7a109c0244aaad713e078fd3059a https://doi.org/10.5285/1dbe7a109c0244aaad713e078fd3059a HTTPS https://doi.org/10.5285/1dbe7a109c0244aaad713e078fd3059a satellite analysis information Sathyendranath, Shubha author Jackson, Thomas author Brockmann, Carsten author Brotas, Vanda author Calton, Ben author Chuprin, Andrei author Clements, Oliver author Cipollini, Paolo author Danne, Olaf author Dingle, James author Donlon, Craig author Grant, Michael author Groom, Stephen author Krasemann, Hajo author Lavender, Sam author Mazeran, Constant author Mélin, Frédéric author Müller, Dagmar author Steinmetz, François author Valente, André author Zühlke, Marco author Feldman, Gene author Franz, Bryan author Frouin, Robert author Werdell, Jeremy author Platt, Trevor author NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis publisher tableDigital crossReference project European Union-Copernicus Marine Service. (2018). Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis [Data set]. Mercator Ocean International. https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021 2018 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021 https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021 satellite analysis information European Union-Copernicus Marine Service author Mercator Ocean International publisher tableDigital crossReference project eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota -157.3284 -155.5387 18.7045 20.87203 1997-04-12 2018-07-19 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. CSV 1.328 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0306183 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/306183 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/306183 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0232/0306183/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0306183 v1.1 was published. 2025-08-19T15:36:27Z NCEI Accession 0306183 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0306183/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0306183 v1.1 published 2025-08-19T15:36:27Z download dataset Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION (measured); Units: not applicable; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: net - plankton net; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Plankton was identified by using a microscope and visual identification. Those without a confirmed ID are labelled "Unk.Istiophoridae"; Data Quality Method: Binomial species identity obtained either from morphology, singleplex PCR assay or COI barcoding and subsequent Sanger sequencing. For morphological ID sought resources and expertise from NOAA Ichthyologist Bruce Mundy to confirm identifications. Parameter or Variable: ICHTHYOPLANKTON LENGTH (measured); Units: mm; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: microscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Larval fish were manually measured in standard length (SL) to the nearest 0.5 millimeter (for specimens smaller than 10mm) and to the nearest millimeter (for specimens longer than 10mm) using a microscope and ruler; Data Quality Method: N/A Parameter or Variable: distance to shore (calculated); Units: m; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: computer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: distance to shore (meters) as calculated from tow start coordinates. GPS was used to collect tow start coordinates from tows. Parameter or Variable: SPECIES IDENTIFICATION - LIFE STAGE (measured); Units: not applicable; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: microscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: growth stage as determined by observer based on body/tail flexion, options are "preflexion", "flexion" and "post flexion". Assignments were guided by istiophorid illustrations in The Moster Book of Little Monsters. Dried/damaged specimens were not assigned a life stage. Parameter or Variable: Habitat (measured); Units: not applicable; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: The sampling site description, whether a tow was conducted in a surface slick or in ambient water conditions Parameter or Variable: Water Volume (calculated); Units: cubic meters; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: flow meter; Sampling and Analyzing Method: volume of water that was towed through in units of cubic meters. Value either taken from in situ flow meter or calculated from net volume times the distance towed. Parameter or Variable: WATER TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: thermosalinograph; Sampling and Analyzing Method: temperature in the top 1 meter of the water column (degrees celcuius), measured from in-situ CTD (small boat), Thermosalinograph (ship), or remote sensing (satellite) Parameter or Variable: SALINITY (measured); Units: none; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: thermosalinograph; Sampling and Analyzing Method: salinity in the top 1 meter of the water column (PSU), measured from in-situ CTD (small boat) or Thermosalinograph (ship), or remote sensing (satellite) Parameter or Variable: FLUORESCENCE (measured); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: fluorometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: flouresence values in the top 1 meter of the water column (µg/L) measured from in-situ CTD (small boat) or Thermosalinograph (ship) Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION (measured); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: laboratory analysis; Sampling Instrument: fluorometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: chlorophyll a concentration in the top1m of the water column (µg/L), measured from in-situ water bottle collections (measured by Turner A10) or remote sensing (satellite) Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL A (calculated); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: Niskin bottle; Sampling and Analyzing Method: total chlorophyll concentration in the top 1m of the water column, as calculated from chla values, measured from in-situ water bottle collections (measured by Turner A10) Parameter or Variable: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (measured); Units: degrees C; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor - visible to infrared; Sampling and Analyzing Method: sea surface temperature (°C) obtained from remote sensing. Source was NOAA's Coral Reef watch. Parameter or Variable: Modelled Salinity (calculated); Units: none; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor - active microwave; Sampling and Analyzing Method: salinity obtained from remote sensing. Source was E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Informationhttps://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00021 GLORYS12V1 product is the CMEMS global ocean eddy-resolving (1/12° horizontal resolution, 50 vertical levels) reanalysis Parameter or Variable: CHLOROPHYLL A CONCENTRATION- 8 day mean (calculated); Units: microgram/liter; Observation Category: satellite; Sampling Instrument: satellite sensor - visible to infrared; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Chlorophyll a concentrations obtained from remote sensing. Chla values were derived from ocean color data. Source: ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative Copernicus 8 day amalgamation-(Sathyendranath et al. 2021). A buffer around 30m depth contour equal to 1/2 diagonal pixel distance of 500m GOCI data was added as a mask to these data. Code written by J. Perelman. Parameter or Variable: Lunar Illumination (calculated); Units: categorical; Observation Category: other; Sampling Instrument: R package; Sampling and Analyzing Method: a qualitative description of lunar illumination on the night closest to when a tow occured. The lunar.phase() function in the the lunar package was used on the StartDate of a given tow to obtain this data. We found this particularly useful as it specifies whether the moon was waxing or waning, which is information lost when susing lunar illumunation alone. asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian flow meter flow meter flow meter fluorometer fluorometer fluorometer microscope microscope instrument is used in lab analyses A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. net - plankton net net - plankton net net - plankton net Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? satellite sensor - active microwave satellite sensor - active microwave A space-borne sensor actively observing in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum satellite sensor - visible to infrared satellite sensor - visible to infrared A space-borne sensor observing in the visible through infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum thermosalinograph thermosalinograph automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29] visual observation visual observation not an instrument - maybe an observation type NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel; Ice Strengthened DOB: Aug 1988 IMO: 8835097 Former Name: ADVENTUROUS (2003) http://www.moc.noaa.gov/os/index.html Submitted to ICES on 2013-12-18. NOAA Ship Townsend Cromwell Name: NOAAS Townsend Cromwell (R 443) Namesake: Previous name retained Acquired: Transferred from Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 1975 Commissioned: June 1975 Decommissioned: 10 October 2002 Homeport: Honolulu, Hawaii Identification: IMO number: 7309546 MMSI number: 303938000 (as Lau Trader) Callsign: 3DTT (as Lau Trader) Fate: Transferred to the Government of American Samoa 2002 Served as New Zealand private yacht MV Townsend Cromwell 2003-2009 Became Fijian passenger-cargo ship MV Lau Trader 2009 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAAS_Townsend_Cromwell_(R_443)