gov.noaa.nodc:0232262 eng utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NOAA Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information custodian 2026-07-23T07:33:51Z ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH and other variables collected from surface discrete measurements using Coulometer, alkalinity titrator and other instruments from the US Pacific Islands from 2006-02-12 to 2012-05-18 (NCEI Accession 0232262) 2021-05-07 publication 2021-05-06 creation NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:0232262 NCEI Archive Management System 0232262 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information publisher Hannah C. Barkley NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division hannah.barkley@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information resourceProvider NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information resourceProvider Russell Brainard NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division rusty.brainard@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Hannah C. Barkley NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division hannah.barkley@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Thomas Oliver NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division thomas.oliver@noaa.gov https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information principalInvestigator Noah Pomeroy NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/PIFSC) collaborator Kevin Trick University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) Kevin.Trick@noaa.gov https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Joy Smith Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) joy.smith@noaa.gov https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Charles W. Young NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division cwyoung@hawaii.edu https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information collaborator Ariel A. Halperin Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information collaborator Barkley, Hannah C. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Oliver, Thomas A. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Young, Charles W. NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division cwyoung@hawaii.edu https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information author Pomeroy, Noah NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center author Halperin, Ariel A. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information author Smith, Joy N. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (CIMAR) website Institution web page information author Trick, Kevin University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Kevin.Trick@noaa.gov https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/cimar/ HTTPS University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) website Institution web page information author NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/ecosystem_sciences/ HTTPS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division website Institution web page information contributor tableDigital This dataset contains the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) carbonate chemistry data from American Samoa, Pacific Remote Island Areas, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands, and the Hawaiian Archipelago from 2006-02-12 to 2012-05-18. The project monitors changes to coral reef carbonate chemistry over time, at U.S.-affiliated Pacific coral reef sites, through quantifying key chemical parameters that are expected to change with ocean acidification. Incorporating an interdisciplinary approach, this project collects, processes, analyzes, and stewards dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) water sample data to document seawater carbonate chemistry at monitoring sites in coral reef areas of the U.S. Pacific region. To provide high-quality carbonate chemistry data for U.S. coral reef areas at several spatial and temporal scales, in close partnership with larger NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program efforts. Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (CRCP FY2015-FY2017 National Coral Reef Monitoring Program – Ocean Acidification Enterprise: NCRMP-OA Atlantic (Manzello), OAP1508-1019) Funding Information: NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (Building Robust Reef Carbonate Projections from Synthesized NCRMP Ocean Acidification Datasets (Oliver PIFSC), 13399) Funding Information: NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program) completed historicalArchive NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact HTTPS NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact asNeeded https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0232262 Preview graphic PNG 0232262 NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER 2021-04-19 publication ARAGONITE SATURATION STATE CONDUCTIVITY DEPTH - OBSERVATION DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water pH SALINITY total alkalinity WATER DENSITY WATER TEMPERATURE theme NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS coulometer for DIC measurement CTD Niskin bottle thermometer thermosalinograph titrator instrument NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS discrete sample surface measurements survey - coral reef water chemistry theme NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette platform NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division dataCentre NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Sciences Division dataCentre NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) CORAL REEF STUDIES NODC Ocean Acidification Scientific Data Stewardship (OADS) Pacific Reef and Assessment Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) project NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa North Pacific Ocean Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument Philippine Sea Rose Atoll Marine National Monument South Pacific Ocean place NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS oceanography theme WMO_CategoryCode 2012-09-15 publication DOC/NOAA/NMFS/PIFSC/ESD > Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian HA1007 HA1008 HA1101_LEGI HA1101_LEGII HA1101_LEGIII HA1201_LEGI HA1201_LEGII HA1201_LEGIII HA1201_LEGIV HI0602 HI0802 HI0803 HI0809 HI1001_LEGI HI1001_LEGII HI1001_LEGIII OES0810 project Cruise ID 33HL20060209 33HL20080218 33HL20080321 33HL20080912 33HL20100121 33HL20100217 33HL20100327 33HL20100904 33HL20101007 33HL20110310 33HL20110407 33HL20110430 33HL20120227 33HL20120401 33HL20120427 33OC20081016 project EXPOCODE Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project project Ocean Acidification Search Keywords EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > ALKALINITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBONATE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > INORGANIC CARBON EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > PH EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN PRESSURE > WATER PRESSURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > CONDUCTIVITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > DENSITY EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Discrete measurement Surface measurement theme OCADS Study Type ARAGONITE_SAT ASSOC_OCC_SITEID CAST_NUMBER CTDCASTID_ESD DAY_UTC DEPTH_METER DIC_UMOL_KG DIC_UMOL_KG_FLAG LATITUDE_DEC LOCATION LOCATIONCODE LONGITUDE_DEC MONTH_UTC PRESSURE_DB_CALCULATED PRESSURE_DB_CTD REGION REGIONCODE SALINITY_PSS78_BEST SALINITY_PSS78_BEST_ORIGIN SALINITY_PSS78_BOTTLE SALINITY_PSS78_BOTTLE_FLAG SALINITY_PSS78_CTD SALINITY_PSS78_CTD_FLAG SALINITY_PSS78_SCS SAMPLE_FREQUENCY SAMPLE_ID STATION_ID SURVEY_DESIGN TALK_UMOL_KG TALK_UMOL_KG_FLAG TEMPERATURE_ITS90_BEST TEMPERATURE_ITS90_BEST_ORIGIN TEMPERATURE_ITS90_CTD TEMPERATURE_ITS90_CTD_FLAG TEMPERATURE_ITS90_SCS TIMESTAMP_UTC TIME_UTC YEARDAY_UTC YEAR_UTC pCO2_UATM_CALCULATED pH_TS_CALCULATED theme Provider Variable Abbreviations COULOMETERS CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth NISKIN BOTTLES THERMOMETERS > THERMOMETERS THERMOSALINOGRAPHS instrument Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Ships platform Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Hi'ialakai (call sign: WTEY, ICES code: 33HL, 2004-) OSCAR ELTON SETTE (call sign: WTEE, ICES code: 33OC, 2003-) platform ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > AMERICAN SAMOA OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN place Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords 2026 revision 24 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Greenbelt MD https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords HTTPS GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian American Samoa Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands Hawaiian Archipelago Line Islands Northwest Hawaiian Islands Pacific Ocean Pacific Remote Island Areas Phoenix Islands place Provider Geographic Names accessLevel: public otherRestrictions Cite as: Barkley, Hannah C.; Oliver, Thomas A.; Young, Charles W.; Pomeroy, Noah; Halperin, Ariel A.; Smith, Joy N.; Trick, Kevin (2021). Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH and other variables collected from surface discrete measurements using Coulometer, alkalinity titrator and other instruments from the US Pacific Islands from 2006-02-12 to 2012-05-18 (NCEI Accession 0232262). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0232262. Accessed [date]. Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose. Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Water chemistry of the coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/nnk7-5f86. 2018-07-27 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/nnk7-5f86 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:NCRMP-CO3-Pacific https://doi.org/10.25921/nnk7-5f86 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25921/nnk7-5f86 Related dataset information Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (2018). National Coral Reef Monitoring Program: Carbonate chemistry data collected in the Atlantic Ocean. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/vfz0-dg77. 2018-03-07 publication International DOI Foundation (IDF) https://doi.org/10.25921/vfz0-dg77 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information gov.noaa.nodc:NCRMP-CO3-Atlantic https://doi.org/10.25921/vfz0-dg77 HTTPS https://doi.org/10.25921/vfz0-dg77 Related dataset information National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration https://www.noaa.gov/ HTTPS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website Institution web page information author NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ HTTPS NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) website Institution web page information author Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies https://cimas.earth.miami.edu/ HTTPS Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) website Institution web page information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher tableDigital crossReference project NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system 2022-04 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system HTTPS https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system OCADS website information NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) publisher documentDigital [accessed 2024-02-08] crossReference program eng; USA utf8 environment oceans biota 144.626 -154.9274 -14.55966 28.45365 2006-02-12 2012-05-18 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information +1-301-713-3277 ncei.info@noaa.gov pointOfContact In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Originator data format 1.092 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0232262.html HTTPS Web browser Project Metadata Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0232262 HTTPS Web browser NCEI Dataset Landing Page Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/232262 HTTPS Web browser Descriptive Information Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/232262 HTTPS Web browser HTTPS Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download. download ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0177/0232262/ FTP Any FTP client FTP These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP). download dataset NCEI Accession 0232262 v1.1 was published. 2021-05-07T17:09:02Z NCEI Accession 0232262 v1.1 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0232262/1.1 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0232262 v1.1 published 2021-05-07T17:09:02Z download dataset NCEI accession 0131502 was superseded by this accession. NCEI accession 0131502 has been superseded by this accession. Please use and refer to this accession instead of NCEI accession 0131502. 2021-12-10T17:20:57Z NCEI Accession 0131502 publication https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0131502 HTTPS NCEI Accession 0131502 published 2021-12-10T17:20:57Z information dataset Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon; Abbreviation: DIC_UMOL_KG; Unit: micromoles/kg; Observation type: discrete water sample; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: none; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle - transferred to Borosilicate bottle; Analyzing instrument: SOMMA (Single Operator Multiparameter Metabolic Analyzer) systems, PMEL1 and PMEL2, each utilizing a 5011 coulometer (UIC, Inc.). The SOMMA systems were originally developed by Ken Johnson (Johnson et al.,1985,1987,1993; Johnson,1992; Wilke et al., 1993) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). For the samples from 2011 (Cruise IDs containing HA1101), two systems consisting of a coulometer (UIC Inc.) coupled with a Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Extractor (DICE) inlet system were used. DICE was developed by Esa Peltola and Denis Pierrot of NOAA/AOML and Dana Greeley of NOAA/PMEL to modernize a carbon extractor called SOMMA (Johnson et al. 1985, 1987, 1993, and 1999; Johnson 1992).; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Analyses conducted at NOAA PMEL. Measurements drawn according to procedures in the Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements (Dickson et al., 2007). Borosilicate bottle were rinsed and filled from bottom, leaving a minimal amount of headspace while making sure no bubbles were introduced. Then 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 solution was added, bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly covered with Apiezon-L grease, and were stored at room temperature to be sent to PMEL for analysis.; Standardization description: Each coulometer was calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.999%) by means of an 8-port valve (Wilke et al. 1993) outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1 mL and ~2 mL). The instruments were each separately calibrated at the beginning of each cell with a minimum of two sets of these gas loop injections.; Standardization frequency: 1) Gas loops were run near the beginning of each cell; 2) CRMs supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, were also measured near the beginning; and 3) Duplicate samples were typically run throughout the life of the cell solution.; CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson's lab at Scripps Institute of Oceanography; CRM batch number: 69, 89, 98, 101, 102, 109, 112, 117; Preservation method: Saturated Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2) Solution; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The DIC values were corrected for dilution by 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation. The total water volume of the sample bottles was 540 ml. The correction factor used for dilution was 1.00037.; Uncertainty: +/- 0.1%; Quality flag convention: WOCE water sample quality flag; Method reference: Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp.; Researcher name: Dana Greeley, Julian Herndon, and Morgan Ostendorf (contact PI Simone Alin for all inquiries); Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity; Abbreviation: TALK_UMOL_KG; Unit: micromoles/kg; Observation type: Discrete measurements from samples collected on CTD casts; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: Measured; Calculation method and parameters: none; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle - transferred to Borosilicate bottle; Analyzing instrument: Custom instrument, built at PMEL and modeled after an earlier generation of those made in Dr. Andrew Dickson's laboratory at Scripps Oceanographic Institution.; Type of titration: Two-stage, potentiometric, open-cell titration using coulometrically analyzed hydrochloric acid.; Cell type (open or closed): Open; Curve fitting method: Non-linear least squares; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Analyses conducted at PMEL. Samples run using remaining water from the same sample bottles used for DIC. Seawater total alkalinity (TA) was measured by acidimetric titration. The specific method used was based upon the open-cell method described by Dickson et al (2003). This method involves first acidifying the sample to reduce the sample pH of just over 3.5 followed by bubbling CO2-free air through the sample to facilitate removal of the CO2 evolved by the acid addition. After removal of the carbonate species from solution, the titration proceeds until a pH of just below 3.0 is attained, and the equivalence point evaluated from titration points in the pH region 3.0 - 3.5 using a non-linear least squares procedure that corrects for the reactions with sulfate and fluoride ions (Dickson et al. 2003). Titration progress is monitored by measuring the electromotive force (E) of a combination glass-reference electrode. Samples were drawn from the Niskin-type bottles into cleaned 500-ml borosilicate glass bottles using Tygon tubing with silicone ends. Bottles were rinsed three times and filled from the bottom, overflowing half a volume and taking care not to entrain any bubbles. The sample tube was closed off and withdrawn from the sample bottle, creating a 5 ml headspace. Samples were preserved by poisoning with 0.2 ml of a saturated HgCl2 solution. Sample bottles were sealed with glass stoppers lightly coated with Apiezon-L grease, and were stored in an air-conditioned laboratory on the research vessel. Samples were shipped to PMEL following cruise completion, and were stored at room temperature (21-25 degC) for a maximum of 12 hours prior to analysis. Titrations were carried out in water-jacketed, 250-ml beakers. The beakers were kept at 24.0 +/- 0.2 degC with water from a constant temperature bath. Prior to analysis, samples were placed in the water bath to bring them to the same temperature as the reaction beakers. Seawater samples were dispensed into the water-jacketed beaker using a fixed-volume glass syringe. A Metrohm Dosimat 765 was used to deliver acid to the sample beaker in increments of 0.040 ml. The acid titrant used was 0.1 mol/kg HCl prepared in 0.6 mol/kg NaCl background to approximate the ionic strength of seawater (0.7 mol/kg). Instrument control and data acquisition was with custom software developed in Andrew Dickson's laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and modified by a former employee of the NOAA/PMEL Carbon Group using the National Instruments LabView programming environment. Typical titrations were completed in 10-14 minutes and required 20-24 acid additions to reach a pH of 3.0.; Standardization description: Duplicate samples are run in addition to Certified Reference Material (CRM), supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of UCSD; Standardization frequency: Along with duplicate samples being run throughout, CRMs are run at the beginning and end of each sampling period; CRM manufacturer: Andrew Dickson's lab at Scripps Institute of Oceanography; CRM batch number: 69, 89, 91, 92, 93, 98, 101, 102, 103, 106, 109, 117; Preservation method: Saturated Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2) Solution; Preservative volume: 0.2 ml; Preservative correction: The TA values were corrected for the resulting dilution of the added 0.2 ml of saturated HgCl2 used for sample preservation.; TA blank correction: NA; Uncertainty: +/- 0.1%; Quality flag convention: WOCE water sample quality flag; Method reference: -Bates, R.G. Determination of pH. Theory and Practice. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, Second Edition. - Dickson A.G. (1981). An exact definition of total alkalinity, and a procedure for the estimation of alkalinity and total inorganic carbon from titration data. Deep-Sea Res. 28, 609-623. - Dickson A.G. (1992). The development of the alkalinity concept in marine chemistry. Marine chemistry 40:1-21-2, 49-63. - Dickson, A. G., Afghan, J. D. and Anderson, G. C. (2003). Reference materials for oceanic CO2 analysis: A method for the certification of total alkalinity. Marine Chemistry 80, 185 - 197 - Gran G. (1952). Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II. The analyst, 77, 661-671. - Wolf-Gladrow, D.A. et al. (2007). Total alkalinity: The explicit conservative expression and its application to biogeochemical process.; Researcher name: Morgan Ostendorf and Julian Herndon; PIs: Simone Alin and Richard Feely; Researcher institution: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington Parameter or Variable: pH; Abbreviation: pH_TS_CALCULATED; pH scale: Total scale; Observation type: discrete water sample; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Calculation method and parameters: R package - seacarb. DIC, TALK, T, S, P; Sampling instrument: NA; Analyzing instrument: NA; Temperature of pH measurement: in-situ observation; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Refer to DIC for more information on sampling and conservation of samples.; Standardization description: NA - calculated; Standardization frequency: NA - calculated; pH standard values: NA - calculated; Temperature of standardization: NA - calculated; Temperature correction method: NA - calculated; At what temperature was pH reported: in-situ temperature; Method reference: Refer to DIC for more information on sampling and conservation of samples.; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous; Abbreviation: pCO2_UATM_CALCULATED; Unit: microatmospheres; Observation type: discrete water sample; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Calculation method and parameters: R package - seacarb. DIC, TALK, T, S, P; Sampling instrument: NA; Location of seawater intake: NA - calculated; Analyzing instrument: NA - calculated; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: NA - calculated; Equilibrator type: NA - calculated; Equilibrator volume: NA - calculated; Is the equilibrator vented or not: NA - calculated; Water flow rate: NA - calculated; Gas flow rate: NA - calculated; How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: NA - calculated; How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: NA - calculated; Drying method for gas: NA - calculated; SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: NA - calculated; SEA CO2 gas detector model: NA - calculated; SEA CO2 gas detector resolution: NA - calculated; SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: NA - calculated; Standardization technique: NA - calculated; Standardization frequency: NA - calculated; Standard gas manufacturer: NA - calculated; Standard gas concentration: NA - calculated; Standard gas uncertainty: NA - calculated; Water vapor correction method: NA - calculated; Temperature correction method: NA - calculated; At what temperature was pCO2 reported: NA - calculated; Method reference: Refer to DIC for more information on sampling and conservation of samples.; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Hydrostatic pressure recorded from CTD at the depth where the sample was taken.; Abbreviation: PRESSURE_DB_CTD; Unit: decibar; Observation type: CTD Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: NA; Analyzing instrument: Seabird Electronics 19+ CTD; Duration: one-time measurement; Uncertainty: +/- 0.1%; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Pressure calculated from depth (using the R package "oce") for samples not associated with a CTD cast.; Abbreviation: PRESSURE_DB_CALCULATED; Unit: decibar; Measured or calculated: Pressure was calculated from depth using the R package "oce"; Duration: one-time measurement; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Depth at which sample was collected.; Abbreviation: DEPTH_METER; Unit: meters; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Dive computer or marked niskin line.; Duration: one-time measurement; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sample depth was measured using either a dive computer (for benthic samples collected on SCUBA) or a marked niskin line (for surface samples collected from a small boat). For benthic samples, depth was recorded off of a wrist-mounted dive computer held adjacent to the niskin as it was triggered. For surface samples, depth was measured using 1m increments marked on the niskin line.; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: In situ temperature recorded from CTD with the scale of ITS-90.; Abbreviation: TEMPERATURE_ITS90_CTD; Unit: degrees Celsius; Observation type: CTD Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Sampling instrument: Seabird Electronics 19+ CTD; Duration: one-time measurement; Uncertainty: +/- 0.005 degrees Celsius; Quality flag convention: WOCE CTD quality flag; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Temperature recorded by the Scientific Computer System (SCS) with the scale of ITS-90.; Abbreviation: TEMPERATURE_ITS90_SCS; Unit: degrees Celsius; Observation type: surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: SeaBird 38 Digital External Thermometer; Duration: one-time measurement; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Temperature was measured by an externally mounted SBE 38 Digital Oceanographic Thermometer, located on the forward hull of the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai adjacent to the starboard side bow thruster at 2m depth. SCS values for temperature were only used for nearshore water samples if no other in-situ temperature data were available, and were calculated from the SCS time series at the same TIMESTAMP_UTC as the sample.; Uncertainty: +/- 0.001 degrees Celsius (SBE38). Shipboard SCS temperature data, collected offshore of the reef, are spatially separated from the location of nearshore water sample data, collected by small boats, and may not accurately reflect nearshore conditions.; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Salinity calculated from conductivity recorded by CTD using the equation of the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978; Abbreviation: SALINITY_PSS78_CTD; Observation type: CTD Profile; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Seabird Electronics 19+ CTD; Duration: one-time measurement; Uncertainty: +/- 0.0005 S/m; Quality flag convention: WOCE CTD quality flag; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Salinity calculated from conductivity measured from discrete bottles using the equation of the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978; Abbreviation: SALINITY_PSS78_BOTTLE; Unit: 1978 Practical Salinity Scale; Observation type: discrete water sample; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured and calculated; Sampling instrument: Niskin bottle, transferred to 125ml HDPE bottle; Analyzing instrument: Metrohm 856 Conductivity Meter; Uncertainty: Each sample is measured by the 856 to 0.001 units and repeatable to 0.05 units.; Quality flag convention: WOCE water sample quality flag; Researcher name: Paul Bienfang; Researcher institution: School of Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) S-Lab Parameter or Variable: Salinity recorded by the Scientific Computer System (SCS) using the equation of the Practical Salinity Scale of 1978.; Abbreviation: SALINITY_PSS78_SCS; Unit: Practical Salinity Scale of 1978; Observation type: surface underway; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: measured; Analyzing instrument: Seabird Electronics 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph; Duration: one-time measurement; Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Salinity was measured by a SBE45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph installed in the wet lab of the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai. The wetlab seawater intake was located ~70m below the wet lab deck near the middle of the ship at depth 2m. SCS values for salinity were only used for nearshore water samples if no other in-situ salinity data were available, and were calculated from the SCS time series at the same TIMESTAMP_UTC as the sample.; Uncertainty: +/- 0.0003 S/m (SBE45). Shipboard SCS salinity data, collected offshore of the reef, are spatially separated from the location of nearshore water sample data, collected by small boats, and may not accurately reflect nearshore conditions.; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Aragonite saturation state calculated from DIC and TALK; Abbreviation: ARAGONITE_SAT; In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation; Measured or calculated: calculated; Calculation method and parameters: R package - seacarb. DIC, TA, T, S, P; Duration: one-time measurement; Researcher name: Hannah Barkley; Researcher institution: NMFS/PIFSC/ESD Parameter or Variable: Best temperature value associated with the sample (degrees Celsius), derived from either TEMPERATURE_ITS90_CTD or TEMPERATURE_ITS90_SCS; Abbreviation: TEMPERATURE_ITS90_BEST Parameter or Variable: Best salinity value associated with the sample (PSU), derived from either SALINITY_PSS78_CTD, SALINITY_PSS78_BOTTLE, or SALINITY_PSS78_SCS.; Abbreviation: SALINITY_PSS78_BEST Parameter or Variable: An identifier for the station at the island or atoll (LOCATION) associated with the sample. Combines a 3-letter island code (derived from LOCATIONCODE) with a 2-4 digit site number.; Abbreviation: STATION_ID Parameter or Variable: Cast number, where a cast is the lowering of equipment over the side at one station (STATION_ID). Cast_number is sequential and starts with 1 for each station.; Abbreviation: CAST_NUMBER Parameter or Variable: Unique numeric identifer for each water sample (4-digit number).; Abbreviation: SAMPLE_ID Parameter or Variable: Calendar year in UTC of sample.; Abbreviation: YEAR_UTC Parameter or Variable: Calendar month in UTC of sample.; Abbreviation: MONTH_UTC Parameter or Variable: Calendar day in UTC of sample.; Abbreviation: DAY_UTC Parameter or Variable: Time in UTC (hh:mm:ss) of sample.; Abbreviation: TIME_UTC Parameter or Variable: Day number of sample in an annual cycle.; Abbreviation: YEARDAY_UTC Parameter or Variable: Unique numeric ID of CTD cast (4-digit number).; Abbreviation: CTDCASTID_ESD Parameter or Variable: An identifier for the fixed NCRMP climate site associated with the sample, if any. An OCC_SITEID is a 3-dimensional identifier that describes a location (LATITUDE_DEC and LONGITUDE_DEC) and depth of a fixed climate site and includes "OCC" prefix, a 3-letter location code (derived from LOCATIONCODE), and a 3-digit site number. A sample is assigned an ASSOC_OCC_SITEID only if its coordinates (LATITUDE_DEC and LONGITUDE_DEC) are within a 150-m radius of a pre-existing OCC_SITEID; otherwise, no ASSOC_OCC_SITEID is assigned.; Abbreviation: ASSOC_OCC_SITEID Parameter or Variable: The name of the region where the CTD cast was conducted in the Pacific Islands region: American Samoa, Pacific Remote Islands Areas, Guam and Marianas Islands, Hawaiian Archipelago.; Abbreviation: REGION Parameter or Variable: Code for REGION: American Samoa (AMSM), Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA), Guam and Marianas Islands (CNMI), Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI); Abbreviation: REGIONCODE Parameter or Variable: Name of island or atoll where the sample was collected in the Pacific Islands region (REGION).; Abbreviation: LOCATION Parameter or Variable: 3-Letter unique code for LOCATION.; Abbreviation: LOCATIONCODE Parameter or Variable: NCRMP survey design associated with the sample. Survey designs include: samples collected at permanent climate sites (Permanent); samples co-located with fish or benthic stratified random survey sites (Stratified_Random); samples at random sites not associated with climate, benthic, or fish sites (Random); samples conducted offshore to collect end member data (End_member); and samples collected to calibrate underway systems (Calibration). SURVEY_DESIGN does not apply to non-NCRMP data collected prior to 2013.; Abbreviation: SURVEY_DESIGN Parameter or Variable: Indicates if water sample is discrete (Single) or if the sample is part a series of water samples collected ~every 4 hrs in a ~24-hr period at the same STATION_ID (Diel).; Abbreviation: SAMPLE_FREQUENCY Parameter or Variable: Source of 'TEMPERATURE_ITS90_BEST' measurement: CTD (TEMPERATURE_ITS90_CTD) or SCS (TEMPERATURE_ITS90_SCS); Abbreviation: TEMPERATURE_ITS90_BEST_ORIGIN Parameter or Variable: Source of 'SALINITY_PSS78_BEST' measurement: CTD (SALINITY_PSS78_CTD), discrete bottle sample (SALINITY_PSS78_BOTTLE), or SCS (SALINITY_PSS78_SCS); Abbreviation: SALINITY_PSS78_BEST_ORIGIN Parameter or Variable: Date and time of water sample in UTC; Abbreviation: TIMESTAMP_UTC Parameter or Variable: Latitude in decimal degrees North (negative for southern hemisphere) for sample.; Abbreviation: LATITUDE_DEC Parameter or Variable: Longitude in decimal degrees East (negative for western hemisphere) for sample.; Abbreviation: LONGITUDE_DEC Parameter or Variable: WOCE CTD quality flag; Abbreviation: TEMPERATURE_ITS90_CTD_FLAG Parameter or Variable: WOCE CTD quality flag; Abbreviation: SALINITY_PSS78_CTD_FLAG Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality flag; Abbreviation: SALINITY_PSS78_BOTTLE_FLAG Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality flag; Abbreviation: DIC_UMOL_KG_FLAG Parameter or Variable: WOCE water sample quality flag; Abbreviation: TALK_UMOL_KG_FLAG asNeeded Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information custodian coulometer for DIC measurement coulometer for DIC measurement measures dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) A known amount of seawater is dispensed into a stripping chamber where it is acidified and purged with an inert gas. The amount of CO2 in the resulting gas stream is determined by absorbing the CO2 in an absorbent. The pH of the solution is monitored by measuring the transmittance . CTD CTD Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe Niskin bottle Niskin bottle Device for obtaining samples of seawater at a specific depth Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle? thermometer thermometer generic thermometer or reversing thermometer use thermometer when temperature is a data type, but the exact instrument used to measure temperature is unknown thermosalinograph thermosalinograph automated sea surface temperature and salinity instrument, usually attached to the hull of a ship Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake. [https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29] titrator titrator titrator NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel DOB: Nov 1984 IMO: 8835619 Hull No: R 334 Former Name: Vindicator (2004) Commissioned by NOAA in 2002 Submitted to ICES on 2012-12-13. NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette Title: NOAA Ship Flag: United States of America Vessel Type: Research Vessel; Ice Strengthened DOB: Aug 1988 IMO: 8835097 Former Name: ADVENTUROUS (2003) http://www.moc.noaa.gov/os/index.html Submitted to ICES on 2013-12-18.