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                <gco:CharacterString>NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: pCO2 (fCO2) autonomous;
Abbreviation: xCO2, pCO2;
Unit: ppm, Î¼atm;
Observation type: Surface underway;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Sampling instrument: water collection with pump;
Location of seawater intake: Water enters through keel - System intake in main body. Distance to equilibrator &lt; 5 meters.;
Depth of seawater intake: 1.5 m;
Analyzing instrument: System of the University of New Hampshire;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Method described in Pierrot et al. (2009) for an shower-spray equilibrator system, the system is the one used in Vandemark et al., (2011). Some changes have been made to adapt it to the sailboat and these changes are described in Olivier et al., (2024), submitted to ESSD. In short, 1 non-zero standard is used to calibrate the data, and the standards (0 and 502) are measured every 12 hours. The SST is not measured directly in the equilibrator, but just in line, and the instrument has a high flow rate and short water line (small sailboat). The pressure is not measured in the equilibrator, it is the boat atmospheric pressure, but the system was designed by Vandemark et al (2011) to be at atmospheric pressure. The boat is an open boat (no door between the lab and the outside). The underway data has been compared to discrete DIC/TA samples taken on board and the comparison is good, with a mean STDdiff of 2Âµatm.;
Equilibrator type: Shower-spray equilibrator (2 debubblers earlier on the line);
Equilibrator volume: 2.5 L;
Is the equilibrator vented or not: vented;
Water flow rate: 7 L/min;
Gas flow rate: 0.1 L/min;
How was temperature inside the equilibrator measured: Thermosalinograph SBE45;
How was pressure inside the equilibrator measured: Vaisala Barometer PTB100;
Drying method for gas: Water gravity trap + Nafion selectively permeable membrane (Perma Pure, Toms River, NJ) with a counterflowing stream of dry nitrogen + filter before the LICOR;
SEA CO2 gas detector manufacturer: Licor, Inc;
SEA CO2 gas detector model: LI840A;
SEA CO2 gas detector uncertainty: better than 1% of reading</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Temperature;
Abbreviation: SST_C;
Unit: degrees celcius;
Observation type: Surface Underway;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Temperature at the intake (base of the hull) in measured by a SBE38 and calibrated every two years. It was calibrated in 2020 and is monitored regularly.;
Uncertainty: 0.002 Â°C</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Sea Surface Salinity;
Abbreviation: SSS;
Observation type: Surface Underway;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Salinity are measured with a Seabird thermosalinograph (SBE45) which is calibrated by seawater samples measured analysed at LOCEAN.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Atmospheric pressure;
Abbreviation: Patm;
Unit: hPa;
Observation type: Underway;
Analyzing instrument: Vaisala Barometer PTB100;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Sensor located at sea level, last calibrated in 2020 by Meteo France;
Uncertainty: 0.3 hPa.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>barometric pressure sensor</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be58">
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            <gco:CharacterString>carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>measures gaseous carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide gas analyzer has often been referred to as LI-COR, because a lot of researchers choose to use products manufactured by LI-COR incorporation for their carbon dioxide measurement. The main component of a carbon dioxide analyzer is a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopic sensors to detect CO2 in a gaseous environment by its characteristic absorption.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>salinometer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>generic salinometer

use salinometer when the instrument type used is unclear but the data include salinity measurements</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmi:instrument>
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              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>showerhead equilibrator</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>extracts dissolved CO2 from water

A carbon dioxide equilibrator is usually in the shape of a vertical tube, with a showerhead on the top, some headspace, a lot of beads to increase the surface exchange area between water and air, a water seal device at the bottom to allow water to overflow, but prevents air exchange between inside and outside.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer (insttypes_id 183) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_be41">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>temperature sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>A sensor used to measure temperature.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_bf07">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF GERMANY</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>UNKNOWN PLATFORMS OF GERMANY</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>