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    • Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2019 (SOCATv2019) (NCEI Accession 0190072)

    Metadata Updated: March 3, 2025

    This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data product files. SOCAT is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community and has more than 100 contributors worldwide. SOCAT provides access to synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas. SOCAT version 2019 has 25.7 million quality-controlled surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) observations with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a WOCE flag of 2 (good) from 1957 to 2017 from 1957 to 2019 for the global oceans and coastal seas. In addition, 1.7 million values with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 μatm are available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3, 4, 5, 6 and 2019. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer. All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of 5 to 10 (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT versions 3 to 2019 should be cited as Bakker et al., 2016 (until a publication on versions 4 to 2019 is published). The SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Fair Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of sensor data and ocean biogeochemical models. More than 260 peer-reviewed scientific publications and 80 high-impact reports cite SOCAT. SOCAT represents a milestone in biogeochemical and climate research. SOCAT informs policy and high-profile climate negotiations. Maintenance and annual updates of the SOCAT product require sustained funding and community involvement.

    Access & Use Information

    License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

    Downloads & Resources

    Dates

    Metadata Date 2025-02-27T12:35:41Z
    Metadata Created Date March 12, 2021
    Metadata Updated Date March 3, 2025
    Reference Date(s) June 18, 2019 (publication), December 12, 2019 (revision)
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions

    Other Data Resources

    Graphic Preview

    Preview graphic

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Date 2025-02-27T12:35:41Z
    Metadata Created Date March 12, 2021
    Metadata Updated Date March 3, 2025
    Reference Date(s) June 18, 2019 (publication), December 12, 2019 (revision)
    Responsible Party (Point of Contact)
    Contact Email
    Guid gov.noaa.nodc:0190072
    Access Constraints Cite as: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Lauvset, Siv K.; Wanninkhof, Rik; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pfeil, Benjamin; Castaño-Primo, Rocío; Currie, Kim I.; Jones, Steve D.; Karlsen, Maren K.; Kozyr, Alex; Metzl, Nicolas; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Pierrot, Denis; Smith, Karl; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Sweeney, Colm; Takahashi, Taro; Telszewski, Maciej; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Akl, John; Alin, Simone R.; Andersson, Andreas; Atamanchuk, Dariia; Becker, Meike; Benoit-Cattin, Alice; Burger, Eugene F.; Collins, Andrew; Corredor, Jorge E.; Cosca, Catherine E.; Cronin, Margot; Cross, Jessica N.; De Carlo, Eric H.; Feely, Richard A.; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Glockzin, Michael; Greenwood, Naomi; Gutekunst, Sören; Hartman, Susan E.; Herndon, Julian; Ho, David T.; Hunt, Christopher W.; Ibánhez, J. Severino P.; Johannessen, Truls; Kitidis, Vassilis; Lee, Charity M.; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Manke, Ansley B.; Mickett, John; Millero, Frank J.; Monacci, Natalie M.; Morell, Julio M.; Munro, David R.; Neill, Craig; Newberger, Tim; Newton, Jan; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Ohman, Mark D.; Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Ono, Tsuneo; Papakyriakou, Tim; Park, Geun-Ha; Price, Nichole N.; Rehder, Gregor; Sakurai, Keizo; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Schlitzer, Reiner; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sutherland, Stewart C.; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Tanhua, Toste; Tomlinson, Michael; Trull, Tom; Vandemark, Douglas; Wallace, Douglas W. R.; Weller, Robert A.; Woosley, Ryan J. (2019). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2019 (SOCATv2019) (NCEI Accession 0190072). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/cpbz-qa92. Accessed [date]., Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
    Bbox East Long 180
    Bbox North Lat 90
    Bbox South Lat -90
    Bbox West Long -180
    Coupled Resource
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded
    Graphic Preview Description Preview graphic
    Graphic Preview File https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0190072
    Graphic Preview Type PNG
    Harvest Object Id a93e4d18-7f6d-4599-b9b3-3896464bf20c
    Harvest Source Id c084a438-6f6b-470d-93e0-16aeddb9f513
    Harvest Source Title NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions
    Licence accessLevel: Public
    Lineage
    Metadata Language eng
    Metadata Type geospatial
    Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -90.0], [180.0, -90.0], [180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, -90.0]]]}
    Progress completed
    Spatial Data Service Type
    Spatial Reference System
    Spatial Harvester True
    Temporal Extent Begin 1957-01-01
    Temporal Extent End 2019-06-01

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