The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One of these measures was the Family Environment Scale (FES). The FES was designed to assess the interpersonal relationships and the overall social environment within the family. The FES captures the perception of the family's functioning from one of its own members. In the case of the PHDCN Longitudinal Cohort Study, the respondents who completed the FES were the primary caregivers for cohorts 0-15 and the subjects composing cohort 18. The FES specifically sought to quantify three dimensions of the family environment: interpersonal relationships, directions of personal growth, and basic organization and structure. In addition to acting as a self-report measuring the family environment, the FES was also used as an instrument to observe the effect of the family environment on the individual subjects. Three scales (Conflict, Control, and Moral-Religious Emphasis) from the Family Environment Scale were used in this questionnaire to further evaluate the functioning of the family.