Coastal communities are uniquely vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR) and severe storms such as hurricanes. These events enhance the dispersion and concentration of natural and anthropogenic chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms that could adversely affect the health and resilience of coastal communities and ecosystems in coming years. The U.S. Geo­logical Survey has developed the Sediment-Bound Contaminant Resiliency and Response (SCoRR) strategy to define baseline and post-event sediment-bound environmental health (EH) stressors. These data document toxicity measured by reduction of the light emission of Aliivibrio (formerly Photobacterium) fischeri and the inhibition of polymerase chain reactions caused by environmental components of aqueous extracts of soil and sediment from selected stations in the northeastern US during the 2015 pilot implementation of the SCoRR strategy in response to Hurricane Joaquin and the 2015 South Carolina flood events.