This dataset contains raw mechanical data (strain, stress and strain rate curvesand initial temperatures) for compression experiments performed on aluminum alloy 6061-T6using the NIST pulse-heated Kolsky Bar at strain rates between 2400 1/s and 2700 1/s and initialtemperatures from 23 °C to 527 °C and heating times ranging between 0.2 s and 3.5 s. At this time,the thermal history of the specimen during heating is not included in the dataset but this informationmay be included in a future update. The pulse-heated Kolsky bar method is described in reference [1].Additional information regarding the temperature measurement methods specific to aluminum are found inreference [2] as well as a supplementary included in this data publication [3]. This datasetincludes measurements of right-circular cylindrical samples measuring 6 mm diameter by 3 mm thick,fabricated by conventional machining. The effect of the surface condition on the thermographic temperature measurements and the temperature uncertainty calculations are described in reference [3], which is included in this dataset as metadata.[1] Mates, S.P., et al., A Pulse-Heated Kolsky Bar Technique for Measuring the Flow Stress of Metals at High Loading and Heating Rates. Experimental Mechanics, 2008. 48(6): p. 799-807.https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11340-008-9137-1[2] Lopez-Hawa, H., et al., On the Mechanical Response of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T6 under Extreme Strains and Strain Rates, and Rapid Heating. Manufacturing Letters, 2022. 33: p. 292-301. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2022.07.036[3] Aluminum_insitu_calibration.docx (included in this dataset)