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    • Non-commercial Shore-based Spear Fishing Estimated Average Annual Catch of Reef Fish, 2004-2013 - Hawaii

    Metadata Updated: June 3, 2023

    Nearshore fisheries in the Main Hawaiian Islands encompass a diverse group of fishers using a wide array of gears and targeting many different species. Communities in Hawaii often rely on these fisheries for economic, social, and cultural services. However, the stress from overfishing can cause ecosystem degradation and long-term economic loss. This layer represents the average annual catch of reef fish by non-commercial shore-based spear fishing methods. Average annual catch at the island scale from 2004-2013 was estimated from Marine Recreational Information Program (MRIP) combined fisher intercept and phone survey data (McCoy et al., 2018). These island-scale estimates were spatially distributed offshore by combining two different proxies for shoreline accessibility (terrain steepness and presence of roads) while accounting for marine protected areas (MPAs) and de facto MPAs (e.g., military danger zones) where access is restricted. This layer's spatial footprint aligns with the inshore commercial reporting blocks for commercial fish catch reporting to the State of Hawaii Department of Aquatic Resources (DAR).

    Slope of the shoreline was calculated in degrees using a USGS 10-m Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) road data from the US Census Bureau were used to classify the presence and type of roads. Attributes for slope and road accessibility were then combined into a single accessibility criterion. A weighting scheme was created that assumes easily accessible shorelines with flat slopes and paved public road access have the highest catch and that catch decreases incrementally with level of accessibility. Any combination that includes no accessibility due to steep slopes received a zero weight and therefore zero fishing. Weights sum to 1 for each island. These weights were then multiplied by the MRIP island-scale estimates of annual catch from spear fishing at each coastal point. A logistic decay function was used so spear fishing catch decreases with depth to 40 m or a maximum distance of 2 km from shore. Catch in full no-take MPAs were set to zero and other areas with restricted access were reduced according to expert input and local knowledge.

    Final pixels values are in units of kg/ha such that the sum of all pixels for each island is equal to the estimates of average annual catch from McCoy et al. (2018). Units, pixel size, and grid alignment are consistent with all other OTP fishing layers so that they can be compared directly or added together for various uses.

    Access & Use Information

    License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

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    Dates

    Metadata Date March 30, 2021
    Metadata Created Date November 12, 2020
    Metadata Updated Date June 3, 2023
    Reference Date(s) April 18, 2017 (creation), April 18, 2017 (issued), April 18, 2017 (revision)
    Frequency Of Update

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from ioos

    Other Data Resources

    Graphic Preview

    Sample image.

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Date March 30, 2021
    Metadata Created Date November 12, 2020
    Metadata Updated Date June 3, 2023
    Reference Date(s) April 18, 2017 (creation), April 18, 2017 (issued), April 18, 2017 (revision)
    Responsible Party National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) (Point of Contact)
    Contact Email
    Guid hi_otp_all_fishing_rec_shore_spear
    Access Constraints
    Bbox East Long -154.68344908772082
    Bbox North Lat 22.279194869693995
    Bbox South Lat 18.846850701273556
    Bbox West Long -160.29941254176182
    Coupled Resource [{"title": [], "href": ["#DataIdentification"], "uuid": []}, {"title": [], "href": ["#DataIdentification"], "uuid": []}, {"title": [], "href": ["#DataIdentification"], "uuid": []}]
    Frequency Of Update
    Graphic Preview Description Sample image.
    Graphic Preview File http://pacioos.org/metadata/browse/hi_otp_all_fishing_rec_shore_spear.png
    Harvest Object Id 6c04faea-596a-4e55-b99d-5c574d054870
    Harvest Source Id 54e15a6e-6dde-4c9c-a8f0-345cc0dfccfb
    Harvest Source Title ioos
    Licence
    Lineage 2017-04-18T00:00:00Z OGC web services (WMS and WFS) enabled by PacIOOS via GeoServer. Original data from source provider may have been reformatted, reprojected, or adjusted in other ways to optimize these capabilities.
    Metadata Language eng
    Metadata Type geospatial
    Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-160.29941254176182, 18.846850701273556], [-154.68344908772082, 18.846850701273556], [-154.68344908772082, 22.279194869693995], [-160.29941254176182, 22.279194869693995], [-160.29941254176182, 18.846850701273556]]]}
    Progress
    Spatial Data Service Type Open Geospatial Consortium Web Coverage Service (WCS)
    Spatial Reference System
    Spatial Harvester True

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